In the food packaging sector, there is a continuous demand and research for innovative systems capable of preserving food quality and extending shelf-life. A particular aspect of quality preservation concerns the visual appearance of food products, without prejudice to the requirements of food safety and hygienic quality. In this regard, sliced meat products, such as cooked ham and mortadella, may show colour variations after packaging under modified atmosphere (MAP) and refrigerated storage. These changes may result in reduced consumer acceptance of the product and can be attributed to the combined effect of several factors, including the presence, even in limited amounts, of residual oxygen inside the package after sealing and exposure to the artificial light used in refrigerated display cabinets at supermarkets. The present thesis aims to investigate the development of an oxygen-scavenging material capable of removing residual oxygen from the headspace of MAP packages containing sliced meat products, in order to mitigate or inhibit this specific degradation phenomenon. Some active molecules such as gallic acid, propyl gallate, ascorbic acid, and sodium ascorbate were incorporated into a polymeric matrix based on PVA (polyvinyl alcohol). All active compounds were used in combination with sodium carbonate and tested at different ratios. PVA was selected because of its high water solubility, good film-forming properties, and biodegradability. The different formulations were applied by bar-coating onto calendered paper or onto a multilayer film composed of PE + EVOH. The oxygen-scavenging capacity of the experimental samples was evaluated in terms of both the maximum amount of oxygen removed and the oxygen absorption kinetics, at room temperature and refrigerated conditions. The tests were carried out by introducing the experimental samples (5 × 5 cm) into high-barrier material bags with a volume of approximately 150 mL, in which was created an atmosphere with high relative humidity. The packages were sealed and fitted with a septum valve, allowing the monitoring of oxygen concentration in the headspace using appropriate instrument. The experimental conditions were designed to simulate, as closely as possible, a real packaging system consisting of a closed and humid setting containing the active material, in order to evaluate its actual oxygen-scavenging performance. Following this, in order to obtain a comprehensive characterisation of the active systems, the samples were evaluated for colour changes and optical properties, including transmittance and opacity. Opacity was determined only for the oxygen-scavenging systems applied to the plastic film. These analyses were carried out to identify possible visual and optical modifications of the materials resulting from their oxygen-scavenging activity. At T0, the thickness of the samples was determined, the film seal strength was also tested, and the Oxygen Transmission Rate (OTR) was calculated.
Nel mondo del packaging alimentare è continua la ricerca e la richiesta di sistemi innovativi per preservare la qualità degli alimenti, prolungandone la shelf-life. Un caso particolare di mantenimento della qualità è quello dell’apprezzamento visivo del prodotto, fatte salve le garanzie di sicurezza e di qualità igienica degli alimenti. A tale proposito, i prodotti affettati quali prosciutto cotto e mortadella, possono presentare, dopo il confezionamento in atmosfera modificata (MAP) e lo stoccaggio in frigorifero, delle variazioni di colore, che comportano limitata accettabilità del prodotto da parte del consumatore, attribuibili alla combinazione di diversi fattori, tra cui la presenza, seppur in quantità limitate, di ossigeno residuo nella confezione dopo la chiusura e l’esposizione alla luce artificiale dei banchi frigo dei punti vendita. Il presente lavoro di tesi si propone di studiare lo sviluppo di un materiale assorbitore in grado di rimuovere l’ossigeno residuo dallo spazio di testa di confezioni MAP di salumi affettati, per mitigare o inibire questa specifica degradazione. Si è quindi proceduto all’incorporazione nel materiale polimerico PVA (alcol polivinilico) di molecole attive quali acido gallico, gallato di propile, acido ascorbico e ascorbato di sodio, tutte utilizzate in combinazione con il carbonato di sodio e impiegate in differenti rapporti. Il PVA è stato selezionato in considerazione della sua elevata solubilità in acqua, delle buone proprietà filmogene e della biodegradabilità. Le diverse soluzioni sono state applicate mediante bar coating su carta calandrata o su film multistrato costituito da PE + EVOH. Dei campioni sperimentali è stata valutata la capacità assorbente, in termini di quantità massima di ossigeno rimosso, ma anche valutata la cinetica di assorbimento, sia a temperatura ambiente che in condizioni refrigerate. I controlli sono stati condotti introducendo i campioni sperimentali (5x5 cm) in una busta in materiale ad alta barriera, con un volume di circa 150 mL, all’interno delle quali è stato ricreato un ambiente a elevata umidità relativa. Le confezioni, sigillate e dotate di una valvola con setto, hanno consentito il monitoraggio della concentrazione di ossigeno nello spazio di testa mediante apposita strumentazione. Le condizioni sperimentali sono state definite con l’obiettivo di simulare, per quanto possibile, un sistema di confezionamento reale, costituito da un ambiente chiuso e umido contenente il materiale attivo, al fine di valutarne l’effettiva capacità di scavenging dell’ossigeno. Successivamente, al fine di ottenere una caratterizzazione completa dei sistemi attivi, i campioni sono stati sottoposti a valutazione delle variazioni di colore e delle loro proprietà ottiche, quali trasmittanza e opacità; quest’ultima è stata determinata esclusivamente per gli assorbitori applicati sul film plastico. Tali analisi sono state condotte per evidenziare eventuali modificazioni visive e ottiche dei materiali conseguenti all’attività di scavenging. Al tempo T0 è stato inoltre determinato lo spessore dei campioni, effettuato il test di resistenza della saldatura del film e calcolato l’OTR (Oxygen Transmission Rate).
Progettazione e caratterizzazione di un coating a base di PVA funzionalizzato con molecole attive per la rimozione dell’ossigeno
GRASSI, CECILIA
2025/2026
Abstract
In the food packaging sector, there is a continuous demand and research for innovative systems capable of preserving food quality and extending shelf-life. A particular aspect of quality preservation concerns the visual appearance of food products, without prejudice to the requirements of food safety and hygienic quality. In this regard, sliced meat products, such as cooked ham and mortadella, may show colour variations after packaging under modified atmosphere (MAP) and refrigerated storage. These changes may result in reduced consumer acceptance of the product and can be attributed to the combined effect of several factors, including the presence, even in limited amounts, of residual oxygen inside the package after sealing and exposure to the artificial light used in refrigerated display cabinets at supermarkets. The present thesis aims to investigate the development of an oxygen-scavenging material capable of removing residual oxygen from the headspace of MAP packages containing sliced meat products, in order to mitigate or inhibit this specific degradation phenomenon. Some active molecules such as gallic acid, propyl gallate, ascorbic acid, and sodium ascorbate were incorporated into a polymeric matrix based on PVA (polyvinyl alcohol). All active compounds were used in combination with sodium carbonate and tested at different ratios. PVA was selected because of its high water solubility, good film-forming properties, and biodegradability. The different formulations were applied by bar-coating onto calendered paper or onto a multilayer film composed of PE + EVOH. The oxygen-scavenging capacity of the experimental samples was evaluated in terms of both the maximum amount of oxygen removed and the oxygen absorption kinetics, at room temperature and refrigerated conditions. The tests were carried out by introducing the experimental samples (5 × 5 cm) into high-barrier material bags with a volume of approximately 150 mL, in which was created an atmosphere with high relative humidity. The packages were sealed and fitted with a septum valve, allowing the monitoring of oxygen concentration in the headspace using appropriate instrument. The experimental conditions were designed to simulate, as closely as possible, a real packaging system consisting of a closed and humid setting containing the active material, in order to evaluate its actual oxygen-scavenging performance. Following this, in order to obtain a comprehensive characterisation of the active systems, the samples were evaluated for colour changes and optical properties, including transmittance and opacity. Opacity was determined only for the oxygen-scavenging systems applied to the plastic film. These analyses were carried out to identify possible visual and optical modifications of the materials resulting from their oxygen-scavenging activity. At T0, the thickness of the samples was determined, the film seal strength was also tested, and the Oxygen Transmission Rate (OTR) was calculated.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Grassi.Cecilia.pdf.pdf
embargo fino al 14/10/2029
Dimensione
2.41 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
2.41 MB | Adobe PDF |
I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14251/10166