Background: approximately 5-10% of breast cancers are attributable to a well-identifiable inherited predisposition, in most cases associated with germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The identification of pathogenic variants in these genes has assumed a central role as a predictive biomarker for response to targeted therapies, particularly Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. In the context of hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/HER2-negative (HER2-) advanced breast cancer (aBC) associated with BRCA pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant (P/LPV), guidelines indicate PARPi as the first-choice treatment in patients pretreated with a combination of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) and endocrine therapy (ET). However, this indication is based on clinical trials such as OlympiAD and EMBRACA conducted before the widespread introduction of CDK4/6i, and data on the efficacy of PARPi after CDK4/6i+ET are limited. Materials and Methods: PAMBRACA is a multicenter, hospital-based, retrospective cohort study in which PARPi therapy was compared with other systemic therapies (monochemotherapy, polychemotherapy, ET) in BRCA1 and BRCA2-P/LPV carriers with HR+/HER2- aBC, treated with ET+CDK4/6i. The primary endpoint of the study was real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS), assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. Results: the study included 83 patients: 12 BRCA1 and 71 BRCA2-P/LPV carriers, who were diagnosed with HR+/HER2- aBC between January 1998 and December 2023 in six Italian centers. The cohort included 82 females and 1 male. All patients received CDK4/6i+ET for aBC (77,1% as first line, 14,5% as second line, 8,4% as third or subsequent line). At the beginning of CDK4/6i treatment, the median age was 48 years; 55,4% of patients had visceral metastases and 15,7% had de novo aBC. Median duration of follow-up was 39.5 months. Within patients treated with first or second-line CDK4/6i, median rwPFS was 14,1 months (95%CI 11,8-18,5) e 12,42 months (95%CI 4,6-NA), respectively. Among the 50 patients who progressed to first or second-line CDK4/6i, 15 (32.6%) received PARPi as first-line post-CDK4/6i, 15 (32.6%) monochemotherapy (monoCT), 7 (15.2%) an ET (+/- everolimus), 9 (19.6%) a polychemotherapy (polyCT), and 4 (8%) died without receiving a subsequent line. PARPi treatment was associated with significantly higher median rwPFS than other treatments (11,79 mesi vs 5,24 mesi for monoCT vs 3,52 mesi for ET, p < 0,01 vs 9,49 mesi for poliCT, p = 0,066), also after adjusting for the number of metastatic sites. PARPi were associated with greater efficacy in terms of rwPFS when administered as first-line post-CDK4/6i compared with later lines, with significantly reduced risk of progression (HR = 0.09) and marked worsening beyond the first line (interaction HR = 2.22) Conclusions: in BRCA1 and BRCA2-P/LPV carriers with HR+/HER2- aBC pretreated with CDK4/6i+ET, PARPi were independently associated with longer rwPFS compared to other systemic therapies. Furthermore, PARPi therapy soon after CDK4/6i treatment was associated with improved clinical outcomes.
Background: Circa il 5-10% dei carcinomi mammari è attribuibile ad una predisposizione ereditaria ben identificabile, nella maggior parte dei casi associata a mutazioni germinali nei geni BRCA1 e BRCA2. L’identificazione delle varianti patogenetiche in questi geni ha assunto un ruolo centrale come biomarcatore predittivo di risposta a terapie mirate, in particolare agli inibitori della Poli(ADP-ribosio) polimerasi (PARP). Nel contesto del carcinoma mammario avanzato positivo ai recettori ormonali (HR+)/HER2-negativo (HER2-), associato ad una variante patogenetica o sospetta patogenetica (VP/SP) di BRCA, le linee guida indicano i PARPi come trattamento di prima scelta in pazienti pretrattati con una combinazione di inibitori delle chinasi ciclina dipendenti 4/6 (CDK4/6i) ed endocrinoterapia (ET). Tuttavia, tale indicazione si basa su studi clinici come OlympiAD ed EMBRACA, condotti prima dell’introduzione diffusa dei CDK4/6i, e i dati sull’efficacia dei PARPi dopo CDK4/6i+ET sono ad oggi limitati. Materiali e metodi: PAMBRACA è uno studio di coorte, multicentrico, condotto in ambito ospedaliero, con disegno retrospettivo, in cui la terapia con PARPi è stata confrontata con altre terapie sistemiche (monochemioterapia, polichemioterapia, ET) in pazienti con carcinoma mammario avanzato HR+/HER2-, portatori di VP/SP di BRCA1 e BRCA2, trattati con ET+CDK4/6i. L’endpoint primario dello studio sono le sopravvivenze libere da progressione nel setting real-world (rwPFS), valutate con il metodo Kaplan-Meier. Risultati: lo studio ha incluso 83 pazienti portatori di VP/SP di BRCA1 (n=12) o BRCA2 (n=71), che hanno ricevuto una diagnosi di carcinoma mammario avanzato HR+/HER2- tra gennaio 1998 e dicembre 2023 in sei centri italiani. 82 pazienti erano di sesso femminile, 1 paziente di sesso maschile. Tutti i pazienti hanno ricevuto CDK4/6i+ET nel setting avanzato (77,1% come prima linea, 14,5% come seconda linea, 8,4% come terza o successiva linea). Al momento dell'inizio del trattamento con CDK4/6i, l'età mediana era di 48 anni; il 55,4% dei pazienti presentava metastasi viscerali e il 15,7% aveva un carcinoma avanzato de novo. La durata mediana del follow-up è stata di 39,5 mesi. La rwPFS mediana tra i pazienti trattati con CDK4/6i in prima o seconda linea è stata rispettivamente di 14,1 mesi (95%CI 11,8-18,5) e 12,42 mesi (95%CI 4,6-NA). Tra i 50 pazienti che sono andati incontro a progressione alla prima o alla seconda linea di CDK4/6i, 15 (32,6%) hanno ricevuto un PARPi come prima linea post-CDK4/6i, 15 (32,6%) una monochemioterapia (monoCT), 7 (15,2%) una ET (+/- everolimus), 9 (19,6%) una polichemioterapia (polyCT) e 4 (8%) sono deceduti senza ricevere una linea successiva. Il trattamento con PARPi ha mostrato un’associazione significativa con una rwPFS mediana più lunga rispetto agli altri trattamenti (11,79 mesi vs 5,24 mesi per monoCT vs 3,52 mesi per ET, p < 0,01 vs 9,49 mesi per poliCT, p = 0,066), anche dopo aver aggiustato per il numero di siti metastatici. I PARPi mostrano una maggiore efficacia in termini di rwPFS se somministrati precocemente, in prima linea post-CDK4/6i, rispetto a linee successive, con un rischio di progressione significativamente ridotto (HR = 0,09) e un peggioramento marcato oltre la prima linea (HR interazione = 2,22) Conclusioni: nei pazienti affetti da carcinoma mammario avanzato HR+/HER2- portatori di VP/SP di BRCA1 e BRCA2, pretrattati con CDK4/6i+ET, i PARPi sono stati associati in modo indipendente a una rwPFS più lunga rispetto alle altre terapie sistemiche. Inoltre, l’inizio precoce della terapia con PARPi dopo CDK4/6i è stato associato ad un maggiore beneficio clinico.
Valutazione dell’efficacia dei PARP inibitori nei pazienti con mutazione germinale BRCA1 e BRCA2 affetti da carcinoma mammario avanzato HR+/HER2- pretrattati con CDK4/6i: lo studio multicentrico real-world PAMBRACA
TORI, LAURA
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: approximately 5-10% of breast cancers are attributable to a well-identifiable inherited predisposition, in most cases associated with germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The identification of pathogenic variants in these genes has assumed a central role as a predictive biomarker for response to targeted therapies, particularly Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. In the context of hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/HER2-negative (HER2-) advanced breast cancer (aBC) associated with BRCA pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant (P/LPV), guidelines indicate PARPi as the first-choice treatment in patients pretreated with a combination of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) and endocrine therapy (ET). However, this indication is based on clinical trials such as OlympiAD and EMBRACA conducted before the widespread introduction of CDK4/6i, and data on the efficacy of PARPi after CDK4/6i+ET are limited. Materials and Methods: PAMBRACA is a multicenter, hospital-based, retrospective cohort study in which PARPi therapy was compared with other systemic therapies (monochemotherapy, polychemotherapy, ET) in BRCA1 and BRCA2-P/LPV carriers with HR+/HER2- aBC, treated with ET+CDK4/6i. The primary endpoint of the study was real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS), assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. Results: the study included 83 patients: 12 BRCA1 and 71 BRCA2-P/LPV carriers, who were diagnosed with HR+/HER2- aBC between January 1998 and December 2023 in six Italian centers. The cohort included 82 females and 1 male. All patients received CDK4/6i+ET for aBC (77,1% as first line, 14,5% as second line, 8,4% as third or subsequent line). At the beginning of CDK4/6i treatment, the median age was 48 years; 55,4% of patients had visceral metastases and 15,7% had de novo aBC. Median duration of follow-up was 39.5 months. Within patients treated with first or second-line CDK4/6i, median rwPFS was 14,1 months (95%CI 11,8-18,5) e 12,42 months (95%CI 4,6-NA), respectively. Among the 50 patients who progressed to first or second-line CDK4/6i, 15 (32.6%) received PARPi as first-line post-CDK4/6i, 15 (32.6%) monochemotherapy (monoCT), 7 (15.2%) an ET (+/- everolimus), 9 (19.6%) a polychemotherapy (polyCT), and 4 (8%) died without receiving a subsequent line. PARPi treatment was associated with significantly higher median rwPFS than other treatments (11,79 mesi vs 5,24 mesi for monoCT vs 3,52 mesi for ET, p < 0,01 vs 9,49 mesi for poliCT, p = 0,066), also after adjusting for the number of metastatic sites. PARPi were associated with greater efficacy in terms of rwPFS when administered as first-line post-CDK4/6i compared with later lines, with significantly reduced risk of progression (HR = 0.09) and marked worsening beyond the first line (interaction HR = 2.22) Conclusions: in BRCA1 and BRCA2-P/LPV carriers with HR+/HER2- aBC pretreated with CDK4/6i+ET, PARPi were independently associated with longer rwPFS compared to other systemic therapies. Furthermore, PARPi therapy soon after CDK4/6i treatment was associated with improved clinical outcomes.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14251/3329