Since the early stages of the NASA Apollo program, the importance of soft landing on celestial bodies has always been highlighted. The solutions adopted during these missions, such as landing Footpads equipped with deformable elements, represent the first examples of energy dissipation systems. These systems, although relatively simple by today's standards, were fundamental to the success of the missions. This work concerns the ongoing study of the LLS (Landing Leg System) for a Lander intended for upcoming space missions to the Moon and Mars. The presentation of the work is divided into two main parts. In the first part, the Lander modeling phases are summarized for the purpose of simulating various landing scenarios, including ground contact and subsequent impact against obstacles. During the simulation, among other aspects, the effects of an energy absorption system produced by appropriate Honeycomb crush-boxes housed within the legs constituting the LLS are analyzed. The simulation results allow for the definition of the loads acting on the various LLS components, enabling their concrete design. Furthermore, the scenario related to a possible Lander levelling by means of a screw and lead screw system, driven by a geared motor, also contained within the Lander legs, is analyzed. In the second part, the conceptual design of a Breadboard suitable for the physical reproduction of numerous possible landing and impact scenarios with potential obstacles for a single Lander leg is described. In particular, the Breadboard is characterized by an MGSE (Mechanical Ground Support Equipment) equipped with a numerous articulation system that allows the reproduction of various scenarios, defining different angles formed by the leg with respect to the vertical to the ground or defining different impact directions with an obstacle, such as a frontal or lateral impact. The MGSE, appropriately equipped, also allows for the reproduction of friction between the Footpad and the ground. A fundamental aspect of this second part concerned the choice of force sensor type, triaxial and/or monoaxial, and their location along the leg for the essential purpose of validating the numerical model with particular reference to the stresses on the various components of the LLS itself. Once this aspect was defined, the conceptual design of the necessary supports for the installation of these sensors was proceeded with. The activities related to the study were carried out during the curricular internship held at Highftech Engineering S.r.l. in Modena.
Sin dalle prime fasi del programma Apollo della NASA si è sempre evidenziata l’importanza del tema dell’atterraggio morbido e controllato sui corpi celesti. Le soluzioni adottate durante tali missioni, come i Footpad d’atterraggio dotati di elementi deformabili, rappresentano i primi esempi di sistemi di dissipazione dell’energia. Tali sistemi, seppur relativamente semplici rispetto agli standard odierni, furono fondamentali per il successo delle missioni. Il presente lavoro riguarda lo studio, in via di definizione, del LLS (Landing Leg System) di un Lander per prossime missioni spaziali aventi come destinazione finale la Luna e Marte. La presentazione del lavoro è suddivisa in due parti principali. Nella prima parte si sintetizzano le fasi di modellazione del Lander al fine della simulazione di vari scenari di atterraggio, comprendenti il contatto al suolo e il successivo urto contro degli ostacoli. Nel corso della simulazione vengono, tra gli altri, analizzati gli effetti di un sistema di assorbimento dell’energia prodotto da opportune cartucce in Honeycomb ospitate all’interno delle gambe costituenti il LLS. I risultati delle simulazioni consentono la definizione dei carichi agenti sui vari componenti del LLS, permettendone la concreta progettazione. Inoltre, viene anche analizzato lo scenario relativo ad un eventuale livellamento del Lander per mezzo di un sistema a vite e madrevite, azionato da un moto-riduttore, anch’esso contenuto all’interno delle gambe del Lander. Nella seconda parte si descrive il conceptual design di un Breadboard idoneo alla riproduzione fisica di numerosi possibili scenari di atterraggio e di impatto con eventuali ostacoli di una gamba del Lander. In particolare, il Breadboard è caratterizzato da un MGSE (Mechanical Ground Support Equipment) dotato di un numeroso sistema di articolazioni che permette la riproduzione di vari scenari, definendo diversi angoli formati dalla gamba rispetto alla verticale al suolo o definendo diverse direzioni di impatto con un ostacolo, quali un impatto frontale o laterale. L’MGSE, opportunamente equipaggiato, permette, altresì, di riprodurre la presenza di attrito tra Footpad e Suolo. Un aspetto fondamentale di questa seconda parte ha riguardato la scelta della tipologia di sensori di forza, triassiali e/o monoassiali, e la loro ubicazione lungo la gamba al fine essenziale di validare il modello numerico con particolare riferimento alle sollecitazioni sui vari componenti del LLS stesso. Una volta definito tale aspetto si è proceduto al conceptual design dei supporti necessari per l’installazione di tali sensori. Le attività correlate allo studio sono state svolte durante il Tirocinio curriculare tenuto presso l’azienda Highftech Engineering S.r.l. di Modena.
Conceptual Design di un Landing Leg System di un Modulo per esplorazione spaziale
BOCCAFOSCHI, GIUSEPPE
2024/2025
Abstract
Since the early stages of the NASA Apollo program, the importance of soft landing on celestial bodies has always been highlighted. The solutions adopted during these missions, such as landing Footpads equipped with deformable elements, represent the first examples of energy dissipation systems. These systems, although relatively simple by today's standards, were fundamental to the success of the missions. This work concerns the ongoing study of the LLS (Landing Leg System) for a Lander intended for upcoming space missions to the Moon and Mars. The presentation of the work is divided into two main parts. In the first part, the Lander modeling phases are summarized for the purpose of simulating various landing scenarios, including ground contact and subsequent impact against obstacles. During the simulation, among other aspects, the effects of an energy absorption system produced by appropriate Honeycomb crush-boxes housed within the legs constituting the LLS are analyzed. The simulation results allow for the definition of the loads acting on the various LLS components, enabling their concrete design. Furthermore, the scenario related to a possible Lander levelling by means of a screw and lead screw system, driven by a geared motor, also contained within the Lander legs, is analyzed. In the second part, the conceptual design of a Breadboard suitable for the physical reproduction of numerous possible landing and impact scenarios with potential obstacles for a single Lander leg is described. In particular, the Breadboard is characterized by an MGSE (Mechanical Ground Support Equipment) equipped with a numerous articulation system that allows the reproduction of various scenarios, defining different angles formed by the leg with respect to the vertical to the ground or defining different impact directions with an obstacle, such as a frontal or lateral impact. The MGSE, appropriately equipped, also allows for the reproduction of friction between the Footpad and the ground. A fundamental aspect of this second part concerned the choice of force sensor type, triaxial and/or monoaxial, and their location along the leg for the essential purpose of validating the numerical model with particular reference to the stresses on the various components of the LLS itself. Once this aspect was defined, the conceptual design of the necessary supports for the installation of these sensors was proceeded with. The activities related to the study were carried out during the curricular internship held at Highftech Engineering S.r.l. in Modena.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14251/3384