The finishing phase represents the first step in finalizing a dental restoration, during which the margins and the surface of the material are shaped to reproduce the tooth morphology. Subsequently, polishing allows the surface to be smoothed by reducing its roughness and removing marks left by abrasive instruments. Smoother surfaces reflect light more uniformly, improving the aesthetics of the restoration, and reduce plaque and food debris accumulation, which benefits oral hygiene and the longevity of the restoration. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different finishing and polishing systems on the surface gloss and roughness of single-shade and multi-shade composite resins, also considering the variable of polymerization time (40 s vs 80 s). Three composite materials were selected: one multi-shade (Harmonize, Kerr Dental) and two single-shade (Vittra APS Unique, FGM Dental and Omnichroma, Tokuyama). For each material, 80 blocks (14 × 5 × 4 mm) were fabricated, for a total of 240 samples. The tested finishing/polishing systems were: OptiDisc (Kerr Dental), Enhance PoGo (Dentsply Sirona), and Twist Dia (Kuraray Noritake). Each composite group was divided into four subgroups (n=20): three treated with one of the finishing/polishing systems mentioned above and one untreated control group. Each subgroup was further divided based on polymerization time (40 s and 80 s). Gloss was measured using a glossmeter (SAGT518; SAMA Tools, Italy), while roughness was evaluated with a profilometer (PCE-RT 2300; PCE Instruments, Germany). All finishing and polishing systems significantly increased gloss and reduced roughness compared to the control group. In particular, Twist Dia produced the best results, yielding smoother and glossier surfaces. The single-shade resins showed equal or better performance compared to the multi-shade resin, while prolonged polymerization time (80 s) had only a marginal impact on gloss. In conclusion, the data obtained showed that the choice of finishing/polishing system and composite material is crucial to optimizing the aesthetic and surface characteristics of direct restorations.
La fase di rifinitura rappresenta il primo passaggio della finalizzazione di un restauro odontoiatrico, in cui vengono modellati i margini e la superficie del materiale al fine di riprodurre la morfologia dentale. Successivamente, la lucidatura consente di levigare la superficie, riducendone la rugosità e rimuovendo i segni lasciati dagli strumenti abrasivi. Superfici più lisce riflettono la luce in modo più uniforme, migliorando l’estetica del restauro, e riducono l’accumulo di placca e di residui alimentari, con conseguente beneficio in termini di igiene orale e longevità del restauro. L’obiettivo di questo studio in vitro è stato quello di valutare l’efficacia di diversi sistemi di rifinitura e lucidatura sulla brillantezza superficiale e sulla rugosità di resine composite single-shade e multi-shade, considerando anche la variabile dell’influenza del tempo di polimerizzazione (40 s vs 80 s). Sono stati selezionati tre materiali compositi: un multi-shade (Harmonize, Kerr Dental) e due single-shade (Vittra APS Unique, FGM Dental e Omnichroma, Tokuyama), per ciascuno dei quali sono stati realizzati 80 blocchi (14 × 5 × 4 mm), per un totale di 240 campioni. I sistemi di rifinitura/lucidatura testati sono stati: OptiDisc (Kerr Dental), Enhance PoGo (Dentsply Sirona) e Twist Dia (Kuraray Noritake). Ogni gruppo di composito è stato suddiviso in quattro sottogruppi (n=20): tre trattati con uno dei sistemi di rifinitura/lucidatura sopra citati e uno di controllo non trattato. Ciascun sottogruppo è stato ulteriormente diviso in base al tempo di polimerizzazione (40 s e 80 s). La brillantezza è stata misurata mediante un glossmetro (SAGT518; SAMA Tools, Italia), mentre la rugosità è stata valutata attraverso un rugosimetro (PCE-RT 2300; PCE Instruments, Germania). Tutti i sistemi di rifinitura e lucidatura hanno incrementato significativamente la brillantezza e ridotto la rugosità rispetto al gruppo controllo. In particolare, Twist Dia ha prodotto i risultati migliori, con superfici più lisce e brillanti. Le resine single-shade hanno mostrato prestazioni pari o superiori rispetto alla multi-shade, mentre il tempo di polimerizzazione prolungato (80 s) ha avuto un impatto marginale sulla brillantezza. In conclusione, i dati ottenuti hanno mostrato come la scelta del sistema di rifinitura/lucidatura e del materiale composito sia fondamentale per ottimizzare le caratteristiche estetiche e superficiali dei restauri diretti.
Analisi strumentale dell’effetto di diversi sistemi di rifinitura e lucidatura su brillantezza e rugosità superficiale di resine composite single- e multi-shade
DIPAOLA, LORIANA
2024/2025
Abstract
The finishing phase represents the first step in finalizing a dental restoration, during which the margins and the surface of the material are shaped to reproduce the tooth morphology. Subsequently, polishing allows the surface to be smoothed by reducing its roughness and removing marks left by abrasive instruments. Smoother surfaces reflect light more uniformly, improving the aesthetics of the restoration, and reduce plaque and food debris accumulation, which benefits oral hygiene and the longevity of the restoration. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different finishing and polishing systems on the surface gloss and roughness of single-shade and multi-shade composite resins, also considering the variable of polymerization time (40 s vs 80 s). Three composite materials were selected: one multi-shade (Harmonize, Kerr Dental) and two single-shade (Vittra APS Unique, FGM Dental and Omnichroma, Tokuyama). For each material, 80 blocks (14 × 5 × 4 mm) were fabricated, for a total of 240 samples. The tested finishing/polishing systems were: OptiDisc (Kerr Dental), Enhance PoGo (Dentsply Sirona), and Twist Dia (Kuraray Noritake). Each composite group was divided into four subgroups (n=20): three treated with one of the finishing/polishing systems mentioned above and one untreated control group. Each subgroup was further divided based on polymerization time (40 s and 80 s). Gloss was measured using a glossmeter (SAGT518; SAMA Tools, Italy), while roughness was evaluated with a profilometer (PCE-RT 2300; PCE Instruments, Germany). All finishing and polishing systems significantly increased gloss and reduced roughness compared to the control group. In particular, Twist Dia produced the best results, yielding smoother and glossier surfaces. The single-shade resins showed equal or better performance compared to the multi-shade resin, while prolonged polymerization time (80 s) had only a marginal impact on gloss. In conclusion, the data obtained showed that the choice of finishing/polishing system and composite material is crucial to optimizing the aesthetic and surface characteristics of direct restorations.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14251/3556