The environmental impact and pollution caused by transportation represent one of the most debated global issues today. Many companies, including those at the local level, are embarking on an energy transition, aware of the need to adopt concrete strategies to reduce permanent environmental damage. Among these, Coopservice stands out for its commitment to investing in sustainable and innovative solutions, actively contributing to environmental protection. Within this framework, the present thesis focuses on the study, analysis, and application of data science and optimization algorithms for the management of the company’s vehicle fleet. The goal is to support the transition from internal combustion engine vehicles to electric or methane-powered alternatives, thereby reducing the company’s environmental footprint through the efficient use of data and digital technologies. To this end, the thesis examines the Vehicle Replacement Problem, an optimization problem concerning the management of a fleet’s lifecycle. It serves as a decision-support tool for companies that own vehicles, helping them evaluate the convenience of replacement in order to minimize both costs and CO₂ emissions. The model developed to address this class of problems integrates both economic and environmental sustainability, enabling the company to remain competitive in the market. Specifically, the problem is studied in its Multi-Family, Multi-Challenger (MFMC) formulation. The fleet is divided into asset families, each consisting of vehicles grouped by age brackets. For each family, a set of alternative replacement options—called challengers—is defined. At each time period, a replacement decision must be made for each vehicle: whether to keep it or replace it with a more eco-friendly version. These decisions must satisfy several constraints, including constant demand for assets within each family, minimum and maximum replacement age, and budget limitations. The problem is formulated as a bi-objective model, aiming to simultaneously minimize the total discounted costs and the CO₂ emissions of the fleet. The analysis focused on Coopservice’s current fleet of trucks used in the logistics sector, with the objective of determining the most cost-effective moment for the company to replace a vehicle with another of the same type or with a greener alternative.
L’impatto ambientale e l’inquinamento causati dai mezzi di trasporto rappresentano oggi una delle questioni più dibattute a livello globale. Numerose aziende, anche a livello locale, stanno intraprendendo un percorso di transizione energetica, consapevoli della necessità di adottare strategie concrete per ridurre i danni ambientali permanenti. Tra queste realtà si distingue Coopservice, che ha scelto di investire in soluzioni sostenibili e innovative, contribuendo attivamente alla tutela dell’ambiente. In questo contesto si inserisce il presente lavoro di tesi, che verte sullo studio, l’analisi e l’applicazione di algoritmi di data science e ottimizzazione per la gestione della flotta aziendale di veicoli. L’obiettivo è supportare il processo di conversione dei mezzi da motori a combustione interna a motorizzazioni elettriche o a metano, contribuendo così alla riduzione dell’impatto ambientale dell’azienda attraverso l’uso efficiente dei dati e delle tecnologie digitali. A tal fine, l’elaborato prende in esame il Vehicle Replacement Problem, un problema di ottimizzazione che riguarda la gestione del ciclo di vita dei veicoli di una flotta. Questo si configura come uno strumento di supporto alle decisioni per le aziende proprietarie di mezzi, chiamate a valutare la convenienza della sostituzione al fine di minimizzare sia i costi sia le emissioni di CO₂. Il modello sviluppato per affrontare questa classe di problemi integra la sostenibilità economica con quella ambientale, permettendo all’azienda di mantenere competitività sul mercato. In particolare, il problema viene affrontato nella sua formulazione Multi-Family, Multi-Challenger (MFMC). La flotta è suddivisa in famiglie di asset, ciascuna composta da veicoli raggruppati per fasce di età. Per ogni famiglia è definito un insieme di alternative di sostituzione, denominate challenger. In ogni periodo temporale è necessario prendere una decisione per ciascun veicolo: mantenerlo o sostituirlo con una versione più ecologica. Le decisioni devono rispettare diversi vincoli, tra cui la domanda costante di asset per famiglia, l’età minima e massima di sostituzione e i limiti di budget. Il problema è formulato come un modello bi-obiettivo, che mira a minimizzare contemporaneamente i costi totali attualizzati e le emissioni di CO₂ della flotta. È stata analizzata la flotta di autocarri attualmente presenti e di proprietà di Coopservice, utilizzati per il settore della logistica, con l’obiettivo di determinare il momento più conveniente per l’azienda per sostituire un veicolo con un altro di alimentazione analoga o più green.
Sviluppo di un sistema di supporto alle decisioni per l'elettrificazione della flotta di veicoli: il caso Coopservice S. Coop. p. A.
CACCIATO, BARBARA
2024/2025
Abstract
The environmental impact and pollution caused by transportation represent one of the most debated global issues today. Many companies, including those at the local level, are embarking on an energy transition, aware of the need to adopt concrete strategies to reduce permanent environmental damage. Among these, Coopservice stands out for its commitment to investing in sustainable and innovative solutions, actively contributing to environmental protection. Within this framework, the present thesis focuses on the study, analysis, and application of data science and optimization algorithms for the management of the company’s vehicle fleet. The goal is to support the transition from internal combustion engine vehicles to electric or methane-powered alternatives, thereby reducing the company’s environmental footprint through the efficient use of data and digital technologies. To this end, the thesis examines the Vehicle Replacement Problem, an optimization problem concerning the management of a fleet’s lifecycle. It serves as a decision-support tool for companies that own vehicles, helping them evaluate the convenience of replacement in order to minimize both costs and CO₂ emissions. The model developed to address this class of problems integrates both economic and environmental sustainability, enabling the company to remain competitive in the market. Specifically, the problem is studied in its Multi-Family, Multi-Challenger (MFMC) formulation. The fleet is divided into asset families, each consisting of vehicles grouped by age brackets. For each family, a set of alternative replacement options—called challengers—is defined. At each time period, a replacement decision must be made for each vehicle: whether to keep it or replace it with a more eco-friendly version. These decisions must satisfy several constraints, including constant demand for assets within each family, minimum and maximum replacement age, and budget limitations. The problem is formulated as a bi-objective model, aiming to simultaneously minimize the total discounted costs and the CO₂ emissions of the fleet. The analysis focused on Coopservice’s current fleet of trucks used in the logistics sector, with the objective of determining the most cost-effective moment for the company to replace a vehicle with another of the same type or with a greener alternative.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14251/3660