Introduction: Integration between primary and specialist palliative care is key to providing equitable and sustainable support for people with advanced illnesses throughout the disease trajectory. Out-of-hours (OoH) continuity of care is critical, in particular for those choosing home-based end-of-life care. Modena province (Emilia Romagna, Italy) is noticeable for its high involvement of general practitioners (GPs) in palliative care and lower rates of hospitalization and emergency department visits during the final days of life compared to other provinces. Though, since the GP-based OoH primary palliative care service was established, its activities and impact had not yet been described. Materials and Methods: This ecological cross-sectional study is based on the analysis of twelve years (2012–2024) of administrative reports from the Modena Local Health Authority and participating GPs Ooh. Yearly aggregated data included the number of active GPs, gender distribution, number of home visits and phone consultations, contacts with other healthcare professionals, and hospitalizations occurring during shifts. Results: On average, 31 GPs participated each year (24% of local GPs), with the proportion of female GPs rising from 55% in 2012 to 76% in 2024. Throughout 1,355 shifts, 2,727 consultations were performed (1,736 home visits, 991 phone consultations), with consultations per shift increasing from 1 in 2012 to 3.4 in 2024. Common reasons for consultation were sedation/end-of-life care (18%), death certification (15%), pain management (14%), and respiratory symptoms (10%). GP-nurse collaboration occurred in 21% of cases. Hospitalization accounted for only 1.3% of interventions and declined from 2.5% in 2012 to 0% in 2024. Certified deaths at home grew from 15 to 46 during the study period in line with an increase in patients cared for at home. Conclusions: The Modena GP-based OoH primary palliative care service (run by trained volunteer GP) proved feasible, necessary, and sustainable, ensuring continuity of care for home palliative patients over two decades. The descriptive findings point to a potential association between this model and reduced acute hospital use, with increasing home deaths and declining hospitalizations in the last days of life. While the design does not allow causal inference, results support the central role of skilled primary care in strengthening territorial palliative care, particularly considering the rising demand due to population aging.
Introduzione: L'integrazione tra cure palliative primarie e specialistiche è fondamentale per garantire un supporto equo e sostenibile alle persone affette da malattie avanzate lungo tutto il decorso della malattia. La continuità assistenziale nelle fasce orarie di pronta disponibilità (“out-of-hours”, OoH) è particolarmente critica per coloro che scelgono di essere assistiti a domicilio nella fase terminale. La provincia di Modena (Emilia Romagna, Italia) si distingue per l'elevato coinvolgimento dei medici di medicina generale (MMG) nelle cure palliative e per tassi inferiori di ospedalizzazione e accessi al pronto soccorso negli ultimi giorni di vita rispetto ad altre province. Tuttavia, da quando è stato istituito il servizio palliativo territoriale basato sui MMG in pronta disponibilità, le sue attività e il suo impatto non erano ancora stati descritti. Materiali e Metodi: Questo studio ecologico trasversale si basa sull’analisi di dodici anni (2012–2024) di rendicontazioni amministrative dall’Azienda USL di Modena e dai MMG partecipanti al servizio in pronta disponibilità. I dati aggregati annuali includevano il numero di MMG attivi, la distribuzione di genere, il numero di visite domiciliari e consulenze telefoniche, i contatti con altri professionisti sanitari e i ricoveri ospedalieri verificatisi durante i turni. Risultati: In media, ogni anno hanno partecipato 31 MMG (24% dei MMG locali), con una crescita della quota di MMG donne dal 55% nel 2012 al 76% nel 2024. Durante i 1.355 turni sono state effettuate 2.727 consulenze (1.736 visite domiciliari, 991 consulenze telefoniche); il numero di consulenze per turno è cresciuto da 1 nel 2012 a 3,4 nel 2024. Le motivazioni più comuni di intervento sono state la sedazione/cure di fine vita (18%), la certificazione di decesso (15%), la gestione del dolore (14%) e sintomi respiratori (10%). La collaborazione tra MMG e infermieri si è verificata nel 21% dei casi. I ricoveri ospedalieri hanno rappresentato solo l’1,3% degli interventi, e sono diminuiti dal 2,5% nel 2012 fino allo 0% nel 2024. I decessi certificati a domicilio sono aumentati da 15 a 46 durante il periodo di studio, parallelamente all’incremento dei pazienti assistiti a casa. Conclusioni: Il servizio di cure palliative primarie in pronta disponibilità basato sui MMG volontari formati, avviato a Modena, si è rivelato fattibile, necessario e sostenibile, garantendo continuità assistenziale ai pazienti in cure palliative domiciliari per oltre due decenni. I dati descrittivi suggeriscono una possibile associazione fra questo modello e la riduzione degli accessi acuti ospedalieri, con aumento dei decessi domiciliari e calo dei ricoveri negli ultimi giorni di vita. Sebbene il disegno dello studio non consenta di stabilire rapporti causali, i risultati sostengono il ruolo centrale della medicina generale qualificata nel rafforzare la rete territoriale delle cure palliative, specialmente alla luce della crescente domanda causata dall’invecchiamento della popolazione.
I medici di medicina generale e le cure domiciliari in provincia di Modena: la Continuità assistenziale in Cure Palliative domiciliari
ROSSI, LEANDRO
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction: Integration between primary and specialist palliative care is key to providing equitable and sustainable support for people with advanced illnesses throughout the disease trajectory. Out-of-hours (OoH) continuity of care is critical, in particular for those choosing home-based end-of-life care. Modena province (Emilia Romagna, Italy) is noticeable for its high involvement of general practitioners (GPs) in palliative care and lower rates of hospitalization and emergency department visits during the final days of life compared to other provinces. Though, since the GP-based OoH primary palliative care service was established, its activities and impact had not yet been described. Materials and Methods: This ecological cross-sectional study is based on the analysis of twelve years (2012–2024) of administrative reports from the Modena Local Health Authority and participating GPs Ooh. Yearly aggregated data included the number of active GPs, gender distribution, number of home visits and phone consultations, contacts with other healthcare professionals, and hospitalizations occurring during shifts. Results: On average, 31 GPs participated each year (24% of local GPs), with the proportion of female GPs rising from 55% in 2012 to 76% in 2024. Throughout 1,355 shifts, 2,727 consultations were performed (1,736 home visits, 991 phone consultations), with consultations per shift increasing from 1 in 2012 to 3.4 in 2024. Common reasons for consultation were sedation/end-of-life care (18%), death certification (15%), pain management (14%), and respiratory symptoms (10%). GP-nurse collaboration occurred in 21% of cases. Hospitalization accounted for only 1.3% of interventions and declined from 2.5% in 2012 to 0% in 2024. Certified deaths at home grew from 15 to 46 during the study period in line with an increase in patients cared for at home. Conclusions: The Modena GP-based OoH primary palliative care service (run by trained volunteer GP) proved feasible, necessary, and sustainable, ensuring continuity of care for home palliative patients over two decades. The descriptive findings point to a potential association between this model and reduced acute hospital use, with increasing home deaths and declining hospitalizations in the last days of life. While the design does not allow causal inference, results support the central role of skilled primary care in strengthening territorial palliative care, particularly considering the rising demand due to population aging.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14251/3739