This thesis investigates knowledge sharing in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), assessing its impact on competitiveness, innovation, and territorial development. In the Italian context, characterized by a fragmented entrepreneurial structure and a strong district-based tradition, knowledge emerges as a strategic intangible resource. The theoretical framework examines the paradigm of the knowledge economy, the barriers and enabling factors of knowledge management, with a specific focus on co-opetition, understood as the balance between cooperation and competition, which has become increasingly crucial for SMEs. The empirical research focuses on two industrial districts in the province of Belluno: refrigeration and eyewear. A total of 18 semi-structured interviews were conducted (8 companies in the refrigeration sector and 10 in the eyewear sector), analyzed through a qualitative-quantitative approach and thematic coding. The objective was to identify practices, critical issues, and differences in knowledge sharing processes. The results highlight two distinct models. In the refrigeration district, knowledge sharing is mainly formalized through codified procedures, regular meetings, and digital tools, which ensure traceability but risk underestimating tacit knowledge. In the eyewear district, by contrast, more informal and relational dynamics prevail, based on trust, personal relationships, and daily exchanges. These foster creativity and product innovation, although with less systematization. In both cases, knowledge sharing strengthens collective learning, internal cohesion, organizational culture, and innovative capacity. Externally, associations and institutional networks play a crucial role in disseminating know-how and enhancing competitive positioning. Nonetheless, several critical issues persist, including the difficulty of codifying tacit knowledge, mistrust toward competitors, and limited resources for structural investments. Within this framework, co-opetition emerges as a decisive driver: firms, while competing, cooperate in building a shared cognitive capital that enhances district-wide resilience. In conclusion, the study shows that industrial districts can be reinterpreted as cognitive ecosystems, where knowledge sharing acts as a lever for resilience and development. The comparison between refrigeration and eyewear demonstrates different but converging paths: both highlight how the valorization of shared knowledge supports the competitiveness and innovation of SMEs. The research thus contributes to the academic debate and provides practical insights for entrepreneurs and policy makers interested in promoting collaborative strategies and sustainable territorial development.
La tesi indaga la condivisione della conoscenza nelle piccole e medie imprese (PMI), valutandone l’impatto su competitività, innovazione e sviluppo territoriale. Nel contesto italiano, caratterizzato da frammentazione imprenditoriale e forte vocazione distrettuale, la conoscenza emerge come risorsa immateriale strategica. Il quadro teorico analizza il paradigma della knowledge economy, le barriere e i fattori abilitanti del knowledge management, soffermandosi sul concetto di co-opetition, che descrive l’equilibrio tra cooperazione e competizione, sempre più cruciale per le PMI. La ricerca empirica riguarda due distretti industriali della provincia di Belluno, refrigerazione e occhialeria. Sono state condotte 18 interviste semi-strutturate (8 imprese del freddo e 10 dell’occhialeria), analizzate con approccio qualitativo-quantitativo e codifica tematica. L’obiettivo era identificare pratiche, criticità e differenze nei processi di knowledge sharing. I risultati mostrano due modelli distinti. Nel comparto della refrigerazione la condivisione è prevalentemente formalizzata, attraverso procedure codificate, riunioni e strumenti digitali, che assicurano tracciabilità ma rischiano di ridurre la valorizzazione delle conoscenze tacite. Nel distretto dell’occhialeria prevalgono dinamiche più informali e relazionali, basate su fiducia, rapporti personali e scambi quotidiani, che favoriscono creatività e innovazione di prodotto ma con minore sistematizzazione. In entrambi i casi, il knowledge sharing rafforza apprendimento collettivo, coesione interna, cultura organizzativa e capacità innovativa. All’esterno, le reti associative e istituzionali sostengono la diffusione del sapere e il posizionamento competitivo. Permangono tuttavia criticità legate alla difficoltà di codificare le conoscenze tacite, alla diffidenza verso i concorrenti e alla scarsità di risorse per investimenti strutturali. In questo quadro, la co-opetition appare leva decisiva: le imprese, pur concorrendo, cooperano nella costruzione di un capitale cognitivo comune che rafforza la resilienza distrettuale. In conclusione, lo studio mostra come i distretti industriali possano essere riletti come ecosistemi cognitivi, nei quali la condivisione della conoscenza diventa fattore di resilienza e sviluppo. La comparazione tra refrigerazione e occhialeria evidenzia percorsi diversi ma convergenti: entrambi dimostrano che la valorizzazione del sapere condiviso sostiene la competitività e l’innovazione delle PMI. La ricerca contribuisce così al dibattito accademico e fornisce indicazioni pratiche per imprenditori e policy maker interessati a promuovere strategie collaborative e sviluppo territoriale sostenibile.
CONDIVISONE DELLE CONOSCENZE TRA PMI – Confronto tra due distretti industriali della conoscenza bellunese: refrigerazione e occhialeria
FABRINETTI, CHIARA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis investigates knowledge sharing in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), assessing its impact on competitiveness, innovation, and territorial development. In the Italian context, characterized by a fragmented entrepreneurial structure and a strong district-based tradition, knowledge emerges as a strategic intangible resource. The theoretical framework examines the paradigm of the knowledge economy, the barriers and enabling factors of knowledge management, with a specific focus on co-opetition, understood as the balance between cooperation and competition, which has become increasingly crucial for SMEs. The empirical research focuses on two industrial districts in the province of Belluno: refrigeration and eyewear. A total of 18 semi-structured interviews were conducted (8 companies in the refrigeration sector and 10 in the eyewear sector), analyzed through a qualitative-quantitative approach and thematic coding. The objective was to identify practices, critical issues, and differences in knowledge sharing processes. The results highlight two distinct models. In the refrigeration district, knowledge sharing is mainly formalized through codified procedures, regular meetings, and digital tools, which ensure traceability but risk underestimating tacit knowledge. In the eyewear district, by contrast, more informal and relational dynamics prevail, based on trust, personal relationships, and daily exchanges. These foster creativity and product innovation, although with less systematization. In both cases, knowledge sharing strengthens collective learning, internal cohesion, organizational culture, and innovative capacity. Externally, associations and institutional networks play a crucial role in disseminating know-how and enhancing competitive positioning. Nonetheless, several critical issues persist, including the difficulty of codifying tacit knowledge, mistrust toward competitors, and limited resources for structural investments. Within this framework, co-opetition emerges as a decisive driver: firms, while competing, cooperate in building a shared cognitive capital that enhances district-wide resilience. In conclusion, the study shows that industrial districts can be reinterpreted as cognitive ecosystems, where knowledge sharing acts as a lever for resilience and development. The comparison between refrigeration and eyewear demonstrates different but converging paths: both highlight how the valorization of shared knowledge supports the competitiveness and innovation of SMEs. The research thus contributes to the academic debate and provides practical insights for entrepreneurs and policy makers interested in promoting collaborative strategies and sustainable territorial development.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14251/3796