Even though the Italian educational system and laws support inclusion, schools still have to deal with many different students’ needs. To answer these needs, teachers often have to make changes to their usual lessons. In secondary school, teachers usually focus more on what to teach instead of how to teach it. This paper aims to understand how metacognition, that is the awareness and control of one’s own thinking processes, can help inclusive teaching, by improving students’ independence and learning effectiveness. The study presents a model of metacognitive teaching supported by new educational technologies. Based on a review of the literature, from theories of metacognition to school inclusion, the paper examines the main elements of metaknowledge, exploring the role of learning styles, motivation, and the use of metacognitive strategies, especially for students with learning difficulties or intellectual disabilities. The research shows that using metacognitive teaching regularly helps students achieve better school results, even those with difficulties, and helps them become more aware and motivated individuals. Moreover, the use of information and communication technologies helps make learning strategies more personal and accessible. In conclusion, the thesis highlights the importance of teacher training as an essential element to go beyond a content-based approach and to create a truly inclusive learning environment in secondary school.
Nonostante il quadro normativo e pedagogico italiano vada nella direzione dell’inclusione, la scuola si trova a dover affrontare situazioni eterogenee nei bisogni degli studenti a cui far fronte con modifiche alla didattica curricolare. Nella scuola secondaria, in particolare, ci si orienta maggiormente su cosa insegnare, anziché al come farlo. Il presente elaborato ha l’obiettivo di comprendere quanto la metacognizione, intesa come consapevolezza e controllo dei propri processi cognitivi, possa essere di supporto alla didattica inclusiva, potenziando l’autonomia e l’efficacia dell’apprendimento degli studenti. Lo studio delinea un modello di didattica metacognitiva efficace supportato dalle nuove tecnologie didattiche. Basandosi su un’analisi della letteratura che parte dalle teorie della metacognizione fino a raggiungere l’inclusione scolastica, il lavoro esamina le componenti chiave della metaconoscenza, approfondendo il ruolo degli stili di apprendimento, della motivazione e l’applicazione di strategie metacognitive, in particolare rivolte a studenti con difficoltà di apprendimento e disabilità intellettive. Lo studio evidenzia come l’utilizzo sistematico di una didattica metacognitiva porti a risultati scolastici migliori negli studenti, anche in quelli con difficoltà, e permetta lo sviluppo di un individuo consapevole e motivato. L’utilizzo, inoltre, delle tecnologie dell’informazione e dell’istruzione emerge come facilitatore per la personalizzazione e l’accessibilità delle strategie. In conclusione, la tesi propone la formazione degli insegnanti come elemento imprescindibile per il superamento dei limiti di un approccio esclusivamente contenutistico, garantendo la realizzazione di un ambiente di apprendimento realmente inclusivo nella scuola secondaria.
La metacognizione come strumento a supporto della didattica inclusiva nella scuola secondaria.
DELFRATE, MARTINA
2024/2025
Abstract
Even though the Italian educational system and laws support inclusion, schools still have to deal with many different students’ needs. To answer these needs, teachers often have to make changes to their usual lessons. In secondary school, teachers usually focus more on what to teach instead of how to teach it. This paper aims to understand how metacognition, that is the awareness and control of one’s own thinking processes, can help inclusive teaching, by improving students’ independence and learning effectiveness. The study presents a model of metacognitive teaching supported by new educational technologies. Based on a review of the literature, from theories of metacognition to school inclusion, the paper examines the main elements of metaknowledge, exploring the role of learning styles, motivation, and the use of metacognitive strategies, especially for students with learning difficulties or intellectual disabilities. The research shows that using metacognitive teaching regularly helps students achieve better school results, even those with difficulties, and helps them become more aware and motivated individuals. Moreover, the use of information and communication technologies helps make learning strategies more personal and accessible. In conclusion, the thesis highlights the importance of teacher training as an essential element to go beyond a content-based approach and to create a truly inclusive learning environment in secondary school.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14251/4059