The thesis analyzes Biological Assets (BA) as a specific object of management control in the livestock sector, examining how their genetic component can be integrated into accounting, valuation, and managerial profiles. BA are framed as “hybrid” assets, halfway between tangible and intangible fixed assets: on one side the animal or reproductive material, on the other a genetic patrimony with high informational content that affects productivity, adaptability, sanitary risk, and environmental impact. In light of a literature mainly focused on biological aspects and accounting rules, the thesis seeks to bridge the gap with respect to costing systems, managerial reporting, and economic–financial planning logic. The study adopts a compilation–application approach. In the theoretical part, BA and their unique features relative to traditional assets are defined, the economic, social, and eco-climatic drivers of genetic resource development are analyzed, and the functioning of the BA market is described within the broader paradigm of the bioeconomy. On the accounting side, IAS/IFRS (in particular IAS 41) and US GAAP are compared, discussing the effects of using fair value instead of historical cost, the informational issues this raises for financial statement users, and the consequences for the measurement of useful life and depreciation. The applied part includes an empirical analysis based on data from the East Tennessee Livestock center, which links genetic variables to sale price, and a company case study on Inseme S.r.l., in which the BA life cycle, pricing criteria, costing methods, and the system of Key Performance Indicators are reconstructed. The results show that BA can be treated as a genuine portfolio of assets, but only on condition that accounting tools and control models are adapted accordingly: genetics emerges as a key driver of economic value, yet the transformation of genetic potential into margins depends on costs, technical–productive efficiency, market conditions, and positioning choices. At the same time, the study highlights significant limitations: a scarcity of contributions on the topic from a management control perspective, a strong focus on bovines and on a single company case, and still partial integration between technical and accounting databases. These elements point to the main directions for future research: extension to other species and to plant BA, analyses over longer time horizons and on larger samples of firms, and the development of information systems capable of consistently linking genetic indices, operating performance, and economic–financial results.
Il lavoro analizza i Biological Assets (BA) come oggetto specifico del controllo di gestione nel settore zootecnico, interrogandosi su come la loro componente genetica possa essere integrata nei profili contabili, valutativi e gestionali. I BA vengono inquadrati come beni “ibridi”, a cavallo tra immobilizzazioni materiali e immateriali: da un lato l’animale o il materiale riproduttivo, dall’altro un patrimonio genetico ad alto contenuto informativo, che incide su produttività, adattamento, rischio sanitario e impatto ambientale. A fronte di una letteratura concentrata soprattutto sugli aspetti biologici e sulle regole di bilancio, la tesi mira a colmare il divario rispetto ai sistemi di costing, di reporting direzionale e alle logiche di programmazione economico-finanziaria. L’elaborato adotta un approccio compilativo-applicativo. Nella parte teorica vengono definiti i BA e i loro tratti di unicità rispetto ai cespiti tradizionali, analizzate le motivazioni economico-sociali ed eco-climatiche che sostengono lo sviluppo delle risorse genetiche e descritto il funzionamento del mercato dei BA all’interno del paradigma della bioeconomia. Sul piano contabile si confrontano IAS/IFRS (in particolare IAS 41) e US GAAP, discutendo gli effetti dell’uso del fair value rispetto al costo storico, le criticità informative per i lettori del bilancio e le ricadute sulla misurazione della vita utile e sull’ammortamento. La parte applicativa comprende un’analisi empirica sui dati del centro East Tennessee Livestock, che collega variabili genetiche e prezzo di vendita, e un caso aziendale su Inseme S.r.l., in cui vengono ricostruiti ciclo di vita dei BA, criteri di pricing, metodi di costing e sistema di Key Performance Indicators. I risultati mostrano che i BA possono essere trattati come un vero portafoglio di asset, ma solo a condizione di adattare strumenti contabili e modelli di controllo: la genetica emerge come driver di valore economico, ma la trasformazione del potenziale genetico in margini dipende da costi, efficienza tecnico-produttiva, condizioni di mercato e scelte di posizionamento. Lo studio evidenzia, al tempo stesso, limiti rilevanti: scarsità di contributi sul tema in ottica di controllo di gestione, forte focalizzazione sui bovini e su un singolo caso aziendale, integrazione ancora parziale tra basi dati tecniche e contabili. Da qui derivano le principali linee di ricerca futura: estensione ad altre specie e ai BA vegetali, analisi su orizzonti temporali più lunghi e su campioni più ampi di imprese, sviluppo di sistemi informativi in grado di collegare in modo stabile indici genetici, performance operative e risultati economico-finanziari.
Biological Assets: utilizzo della genetica come fattore critico di successo
ALBERTINI, SIMONE
2024/2025
Abstract
The thesis analyzes Biological Assets (BA) as a specific object of management control in the livestock sector, examining how their genetic component can be integrated into accounting, valuation, and managerial profiles. BA are framed as “hybrid” assets, halfway between tangible and intangible fixed assets: on one side the animal or reproductive material, on the other a genetic patrimony with high informational content that affects productivity, adaptability, sanitary risk, and environmental impact. In light of a literature mainly focused on biological aspects and accounting rules, the thesis seeks to bridge the gap with respect to costing systems, managerial reporting, and economic–financial planning logic. The study adopts a compilation–application approach. In the theoretical part, BA and their unique features relative to traditional assets are defined, the economic, social, and eco-climatic drivers of genetic resource development are analyzed, and the functioning of the BA market is described within the broader paradigm of the bioeconomy. On the accounting side, IAS/IFRS (in particular IAS 41) and US GAAP are compared, discussing the effects of using fair value instead of historical cost, the informational issues this raises for financial statement users, and the consequences for the measurement of useful life and depreciation. The applied part includes an empirical analysis based on data from the East Tennessee Livestock center, which links genetic variables to sale price, and a company case study on Inseme S.r.l., in which the BA life cycle, pricing criteria, costing methods, and the system of Key Performance Indicators are reconstructed. The results show that BA can be treated as a genuine portfolio of assets, but only on condition that accounting tools and control models are adapted accordingly: genetics emerges as a key driver of economic value, yet the transformation of genetic potential into margins depends on costs, technical–productive efficiency, market conditions, and positioning choices. At the same time, the study highlights significant limitations: a scarcity of contributions on the topic from a management control perspective, a strong focus on bovines and on a single company case, and still partial integration between technical and accounting databases. These elements point to the main directions for future research: extension to other species and to plant BA, analyses over longer time horizons and on larger samples of firms, and the development of information systems capable of consistently linking genetic indices, operating performance, and economic–financial results.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14251/4415