In the contemporary industrial landscape, characterized by increasing product complexity, shorter life cycles, and strong pressure on both cost and quality, the improvement of assembly processes represents a strategic lever for corporate competitiveness, particularly in the field of power machinery and special-purpose vehicles. The optimization of production lines not only has a direct impact on operational efficiency but also reinforces adherence to lean manufacturing principles and to design approaches that place increasing emphasis on the operator. This thesis aims to address industrial assembly through an integrated perspective, with particular focus on the Design for Assembly (DFA) and Predetermined Time Studies methodologies, like Methods-Time Measurement (MTM) or MOST (Maynard Operation Sequence Technique), chosen as tools for simplifying processes and enhancing productivity, quality, and ergonomics. Following an initial overview of the power machinery market, the dissertation explores in detail the logic of assembly operations, highlighting how the adoption of DFA criteria can guide design activities toward more functional, cost-effective, and sustainable solutions, especially if combined with the analysis of recurring critical factors specific to the assembly line under examination, using dedicated matrices capable of assigning comparative scores to the various mounting sequences proposed. An applied case study is then presented, concerning the optimization of a real production line with the objective of improving its performance through a systematic analysis of the product, the process, and the assembly constraints. The analysis focuses on the assembly sequence of loader arms for an agricultural tractor, supported by tailor-made Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) developed for CNH Industrial, following the company’s participation in and adaptation of the production of a model co-developed with Case assembled in Lecce. In this context, a plausible layout of the line is proposed, based on actual process constraints and subsequently adapted in light of the spatial and engineering organization adopted by major modern automotive manufacturing plants in Italy. Real development issues encountered during the production cycle are then examined, and on this basis several alternative assembly chains are proposed. These alternatives were evaluated through weighted scoring methods derived from time analyses, quality metrics, and direct observation of human–machine interactions, in order to identify criticalities and define targeted corrective actions, with the ultimate goal of determining a more effective line arrangement. Finally, the thesis concludes with an evaluation of the results obtained, a discussion of their design and operational implications, and several considerations regarding potential future developments, particularly with respect to automation, digitalization, and the continued centrality of the operator.
Nel contesto industriale contemporaneo, caratterizzato da una crescente complessità dei prodotti, cicli di vita più brevi e una forte pressione sui costi e sulla qualità, il miglioramento dei processi di assemblaggio rappresenta una leva strategica per la competitività delle aziende, soprattutto nel settore delle macchine motrici e dei veicoli speciali. L’ottimizzazione delle linee produttive, infatti, non solo incide direttamente sull’efficienza operativa, ma contribuisce anche alla coerenza con i principi di produzione snella e con una progettazione sempre più centrata sull'operatore. La presente tesi si propone di affrontare in maniera integrata il tema dell'assemblaggio industriale, approfondendo in particolare l'approccio del Design For Assembly (DFA) e del Predetermined Time Studies, inteso come analisi e miglioria di montaggio tramite stima e standardizzazione di tempi usando in particolar modo Methods-Time Measurement (MTM), come strumenti per semplificare e migliorare la produttività, la qualità e l’ergonomia dei processi. Dopo un’iniziale panoramica sul mercato delle macchine motrici, l’elaborato entrerà nel dettaglio delle logiche di montaggio, evidenziando come l’adozione di criteri DFA possa guidare la progettazione verso soluzioni più funzionali, economiche e sostenibili, specialmente se associate allo studio di fattori critici comuni, mirati alla linea di montaggio esaminata, attraverso opportune matrici in grado di assegnare una votazione di confronto tra le varie sequenze proposte dalla linea. Verrà quindi presentato un caso di studio applicativo, relativo all’ottimizzazione di una linea di produzione reale, con l’obiettivo di migliorarne le prestazioni attraverso un’analisi sistematica del prodotto, del processo e dei vincoli di assemblaggio. L’analisi verterà sulla sequenza di montaggio di bracci pala per trattrice agricola tramite SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) realizzate ad hoc per CNH Industrial, in seguito alla partecipazione e adattamento di produzione di un modello in collaborazione con “Case” assemblato a Lecce. In questo contesto sarà proposto un layout verosimile della linea basato su vincoli reali di processo, integrato e modificato in virtù dell’organizzazione (spaziale ed ingegneristica) adottata tra i maggiori stabilimenti di produzione di autoveicoli moderni in Italia; in seguito saranno analizzati alcuni problemi reali di sviluppo riscontrati durante il ciclo produttivo in linea e, sulla base di queste, verranno proposte alcune catene di montaggio alternative, studiate mediante l’attribuzione di punteggi pesati, derivati da analisi delle tempistiche, metriche di qualità e osservazione diretta delle interazioni uomo-macchina, per identificare criticità e definire azioni correttive mirate, allo scopo di individuare una disposizione più efficace della linea. Infine, la tesi si concluderà con la valutazione dei risultati ottenuti, la discussione delle implicazioni progettuali ed operative, e alcune considerazioni sui possibili sviluppi futuri del lavoro, in ottica di automazione, digitalizzazione e centralità dell’operatore.
Design e ottimizzazione di una linea di montaggio industriale mediante integrazione di DFA, lean principles e analisi dei tempi in un caso applicativo nella produzione di loader arms per trattrici agricole
SIVIERI, MATTIA
2024/2025
Abstract
In the contemporary industrial landscape, characterized by increasing product complexity, shorter life cycles, and strong pressure on both cost and quality, the improvement of assembly processes represents a strategic lever for corporate competitiveness, particularly in the field of power machinery and special-purpose vehicles. The optimization of production lines not only has a direct impact on operational efficiency but also reinforces adherence to lean manufacturing principles and to design approaches that place increasing emphasis on the operator. This thesis aims to address industrial assembly through an integrated perspective, with particular focus on the Design for Assembly (DFA) and Predetermined Time Studies methodologies, like Methods-Time Measurement (MTM) or MOST (Maynard Operation Sequence Technique), chosen as tools for simplifying processes and enhancing productivity, quality, and ergonomics. Following an initial overview of the power machinery market, the dissertation explores in detail the logic of assembly operations, highlighting how the adoption of DFA criteria can guide design activities toward more functional, cost-effective, and sustainable solutions, especially if combined with the analysis of recurring critical factors specific to the assembly line under examination, using dedicated matrices capable of assigning comparative scores to the various mounting sequences proposed. An applied case study is then presented, concerning the optimization of a real production line with the objective of improving its performance through a systematic analysis of the product, the process, and the assembly constraints. The analysis focuses on the assembly sequence of loader arms for an agricultural tractor, supported by tailor-made Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) developed for CNH Industrial, following the company’s participation in and adaptation of the production of a model co-developed with Case assembled in Lecce. In this context, a plausible layout of the line is proposed, based on actual process constraints and subsequently adapted in light of the spatial and engineering organization adopted by major modern automotive manufacturing plants in Italy. Real development issues encountered during the production cycle are then examined, and on this basis several alternative assembly chains are proposed. These alternatives were evaluated through weighted scoring methods derived from time analyses, quality metrics, and direct observation of human–machine interactions, in order to identify criticalities and define targeted corrective actions, with the ultimate goal of determining a more effective line arrangement. Finally, the thesis concludes with an evaluation of the results obtained, a discussion of their design and operational implications, and several considerations regarding potential future developments, particularly with respect to automation, digitalization, and the continued centrality of the operator.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14251/4703