Within the evolution of electric motors, particularly permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), the control architecture directly influences performance and costs. Nowadays, with technological progress in industrial automation and the automotive sector, the use of standardized communication protocols optimized for control ensures optimal operation and interconnection with other external devices (PLCs or similar). This work presents the design of a logic PCB board, named Raziel, a fundamental element for the control of PMSM motors powered at 28 VDC in noisy environments, through both hardware and software design. Although the board is not a military-purpose device, it complies with the MIL-STD-1275D standards for the protection of power supply stages and MIL-STD-461G for EMI disturbances. The adoption of these standards is due to the high requirements set by the company HPE, based in Modena, which operates in the automotive sector and uses them to guarantee reliability and robustness in its products. In addition to meeting the aforementioned standards, the board implements: management of a parking brake, controlled via a PWM signal to reduce dissipative losses; encoder reading according to the industrial SSI protocol; analog reading of the supply voltage and of a PTC to monitor the internal thermal condition of the motor and prevent it from reaching high temperatures; monitoring of the three motor phase currents; and implementation of a CAN bus for communication with external devices, integrating the CANopen protocol stack. The firmware manages the Field-Oriented Control (FOC) algorithm, considered the industrial standard for this type of motor. It integrates communication with external devices by applying the CiA 301 standard and the state machine for motor management following the CiA 402 standard, achieving real-time communication. An object dictionary is also structured for the correct operation of the protocol, along with the management of PDO messages for motor operation and SDO messages for its configuration. After completing the hardware and software design, it was possible to carry out the first tests on the developed prototype. As regards the software, targeted tests were performed on the individual modules composing it, to validate the algorithms, followed by tests programmed on the fully integrated system.
Nell’ambito dell’evoluzione dei motori elettrici, in particolare dei motori sincroni a ma gneti permanenti (PMSM), l’architettura di controllo influenza in maniera diretta le pre stazioni e costi. Oggigiorno, con il progresso tecnologico nell’ambito dell’automazione industriale e dell’automotive, l’utilizzo di protocolli di comunicazione standardizzati e ottimizzati per il controllo garantisce un funzionamento ottimale e l’interconnessione con altri dispositivi esterni (PLC o simili). Il presente elaborato mostra la progettazione di una scheda PCB di logica, nominata Raziel, elemento fondamentale per il controllo di motori PMSM con alimentazione a 28VDC in ambienti disturbati, eseguendo la progettazione hardware e software. La scheda, pur non essendo un dispositivo a fini militari, rispetta le normative MIL-STD-1275D per la protezione degli stadi di alimentazione e la MIL STD-461G per i disturbi EMI. L’adozione di tali normative è dovuta agli alti standard richiesti dall’azienda HPE con sede a Modena che, operando in ambito automotive, le impiega per dare garanzia e robustezza ai suoi prodotti. La scheda, oltre a garantire gli standard sopra citati, implementa: la gestione di un freno di stazionamento, controllato con un segnale PWM per ridurre le perdite dissipative; una lettura dell’encoder secondo il protocollo industriale SSI; la lettura analogica della tensione di alimentazione e di una PTC per monitorare la termica interna del motore ed evitare che raggiunga alte tempe rature; il monitoraggio delle tre correnti di fase del motore e un’implementazione di un bus CAN per la comunicazione con dispositivi esterni, integrando lo stack protocollare CANopen. Il firmware gestisce l’algoritmo di controllo orientato al campo (FOC), con siderato lo standard industriale per questa tipologia di motori. Integra la comunicazione con i dispositivi esterni applicando lo standard CiA 301 e la macchina a stati per la ge stione del motore seguendo lo standard CiA 402, ottenendo una comunicazione real-time. Viene inoltre strutturato un dizionario degli oggetti per il corretto funzionamento del pro tocollo, la gestione dei messaggi PDO per l’utilizzo del motore e degli SDO per la sua configurazione. Dopo aver completato il design hardware e software, è stato possibile effettuare i primi test sul prototipo realizzato. Per quanto riguarda il software, sono stati eseguiti test mirati sui singoli moduli che lo compongono, per validarne gli algoritmi Programmando successivamente i test con il sistema integrale.
Design hardware e software per una scheda di logica per un motore elettrico
NICOLOSI, DAVIDE
2024/2025
Abstract
Within the evolution of electric motors, particularly permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), the control architecture directly influences performance and costs. Nowadays, with technological progress in industrial automation and the automotive sector, the use of standardized communication protocols optimized for control ensures optimal operation and interconnection with other external devices (PLCs or similar). This work presents the design of a logic PCB board, named Raziel, a fundamental element for the control of PMSM motors powered at 28 VDC in noisy environments, through both hardware and software design. Although the board is not a military-purpose device, it complies with the MIL-STD-1275D standards for the protection of power supply stages and MIL-STD-461G for EMI disturbances. The adoption of these standards is due to the high requirements set by the company HPE, based in Modena, which operates in the automotive sector and uses them to guarantee reliability and robustness in its products. In addition to meeting the aforementioned standards, the board implements: management of a parking brake, controlled via a PWM signal to reduce dissipative losses; encoder reading according to the industrial SSI protocol; analog reading of the supply voltage and of a PTC to monitor the internal thermal condition of the motor and prevent it from reaching high temperatures; monitoring of the three motor phase currents; and implementation of a CAN bus for communication with external devices, integrating the CANopen protocol stack. The firmware manages the Field-Oriented Control (FOC) algorithm, considered the industrial standard for this type of motor. It integrates communication with external devices by applying the CiA 301 standard and the state machine for motor management following the CiA 402 standard, achieving real-time communication. An object dictionary is also structured for the correct operation of the protocol, along with the management of PDO messages for motor operation and SDO messages for its configuration. After completing the hardware and software design, it was possible to carry out the first tests on the developed prototype. As regards the software, targeted tests were performed on the individual modules composing it, to validate the algorithms, followed by tests programmed on the fully integrated system.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14251/4817