Myth, originally conceived as a foundational narrative meant to explain the world and transmit values, has progressively been interpreted as a historical and sociocultural device capable of conveying ideologies. In the postmodern era, its rewriting and revision have generated new meanings, adapting texts to different cultural contexts and turning them into instruments of conservation or subversion, including within postcolonial frameworks. According to Appiah, myths are “travelling narratives” that move across times and cultures, contributing to the construction of identities, while Herzog understands them as fluid structures that, while preserving an archetypal core, are transformed through successive readings and rewritings, actively involve the reader in the production of meaning. Within postcolonial and feminist contexts, myth acquires an additional significance. Feminist rewriting is not an act of separation but a critical process of reformulation that operates on language itself. Its aim is not to create alternative myths external to tradition, but to subvert from within the narrative and symbolic structures that have historically silenced female figures. Hence the strategy of giving voice to female characters who were marginalized or mute in canonical versions. In this sense, feminist rewriting constitutes a political act that renegotiates the relationship between subjectivity, myth, and language. Structuralist and post-structuralist studies have enabled a critical understanding of the mechanisms through which myth and history are produced, revealing how every narrative is ideologically charged. These theoretical tools have allowed contemporary women writers to construct “other” stories and mythologies capable of overturning traditional models. The rewriting of myths by contemporary women writers has thus led to the creation of a new female mythology rooted in distinct symbols and visions, capable of replacing traditional myths and generating a new cultural imaginary. Feminist rewriting therefore takes on the value of an act of symbolic violence that deconstructs dominant models and inaugurates alternative narratives based on metamorphosis, intercultural dialogue, and the reconstruction of identity. The same logic of critical appropriation finds fertile ground in feminist theatre, which developed from the 1970s onward. Postmodern theatrical rewritings dismantle and reassemble classical texts through collage, anachronism, and formal experimentation, with the aim of exposing the ideological assumptions underlying canonical narratives and representing complex female subjectivities. In the 1980s and 1990s, the influence of gender studies and postmodern theory fostered theatrical representations of fluid and non-linear identities. In particular, the feminist theatre of playwrights such as Sarah Kane, Timberlake Wertenbaker, Liz Lochhead, and many others emerges as a space of linguistic, political, and performative experimentation, where historical narratives and female figures are mythologized in order to generate new interpretative paradigms. In this context, myth-making becomes a strategic tool that makes it possible to transcend the limits of history and to construct alternative cultural models capable of combining memory, transformation, and resistance.
Il mito, nato come narrazione fondativa per spiegare il mondo e trasmettere valori, è stato progressivamente interpretato come un dispositivo storico e socioculturale capace di veicolare ideologie. In epoca postmoderna, la sua riscrittura e revisione hanno prodotto nuovi significati, adattando i testi ai diversi contesti culturali e rendendoli strumenti di conservazione o di sovversione, anche in ambito postcoloniale. Secondo Appiah, i miti sono “narrazioni viaggianti” che attraversano tempi e culture contribuendo alla costruzione delle identità, mentre Herzog li interpreta come strutture fluide che, pur mantenendo un nucleo archetipico, si trasformano attraverso letture e riscritture successive, coinvolgendo attivamente il lettore nella produzione di senso. Nell’ambito postcoloniale e femminista, il mito assume un significato ulteriore. La riscrittura femminista non è gesto di separazione, ma operazione di riformulazione critica che agisce sul linguaggio stesso. L’obiettivo non è creare miti alternativi esterni alla tradizione, ma sovvertire dall’interno le strutture narrative e simboliche che hanno storicamente silenziato le figure femminili. Di qui la strategia di dare voce a personaggi femminili marginalizzati o muti nelle versioni canoniche. In questa direzione, la riscrittura femminista è un atto politico che rinegozia il rapporto tra soggettività, mito e linguaggio. Gli studi strutturalisti e post-strutturalisti hanno reso possibile una comprensione critica dei meccanismi di produzione del mito e della storia, mostrando come ogni narrazione sia costruita e carica di ideologia. Tali strumenti teorici hanno permesso alle scrittrici contemporanee di costruire storie e mitologie “altre”, capaci di sovvertire i modelli tradizionali. La riscrittura dei miti da parte delle scrittrici contemporanee è sgorgata nella creazione di una nuova mitologia femminile radicata in simboli e visioni proprie, capace di sostituire i miti tradizionali e di generare un nuovo immaginario culturale. La riscrittura femminile assume dunque il valore di un atto di violenza simbolica che decostruisce i modelli dominanti e inaugura narrazioni alternative fondate sulla metamorfosi, sul dialogo interculturale e sulla ricostruzione dell’identità. La stessa logica di appropriazione critica trova un terreno fertile nel teatro femminista, sviluppatosi dagli anni Settanta. Le riscritture teatrali postmoderne disgregano e ricompongono testi classici attraverso collage, anacronismi e sperimentazioni formali, con l’obiettivo di smascherare i presupposti ideologici delle narrazioni canoniche e di rappresentare soggettività femminili complesse Negli anni Ottanta e Novanta, l’influenza degli studi di genere e della teoria postmoderna ha favorito la rappresentazione teatrale di identità fluide e non lineari. In particolare, il teatro femminista di autrici quali Sarah Kane, Timberlake Wertenbaker, Liz Lochhead e molte altre, si configura come spazio di sperimentazione linguistica, politica e performativa, dove narrazioni storiche e figure femminili vengono mitizzate per generare nuovi paradigmi interpretativi. In questo contesto, la mitizzazione diventa uno strumento strategico che consente di superare i limiti della storia e di costruire modelli culturali alternativi, capaci di coniugare memoria, trasformazione e resistenza.
LA RIAPPROPRIAZIONE DEL MITO NEL TEATRO FEMMINILE: IL TEATRO DI SARAH KANE, TIMBERLAKE WERTENBAKER E LIZ LOCHHEAD
PERI, VALENTINA
2024/2025
Abstract
Myth, originally conceived as a foundational narrative meant to explain the world and transmit values, has progressively been interpreted as a historical and sociocultural device capable of conveying ideologies. In the postmodern era, its rewriting and revision have generated new meanings, adapting texts to different cultural contexts and turning them into instruments of conservation or subversion, including within postcolonial frameworks. According to Appiah, myths are “travelling narratives” that move across times and cultures, contributing to the construction of identities, while Herzog understands them as fluid structures that, while preserving an archetypal core, are transformed through successive readings and rewritings, actively involve the reader in the production of meaning. Within postcolonial and feminist contexts, myth acquires an additional significance. Feminist rewriting is not an act of separation but a critical process of reformulation that operates on language itself. Its aim is not to create alternative myths external to tradition, but to subvert from within the narrative and symbolic structures that have historically silenced female figures. Hence the strategy of giving voice to female characters who were marginalized or mute in canonical versions. In this sense, feminist rewriting constitutes a political act that renegotiates the relationship between subjectivity, myth, and language. Structuralist and post-structuralist studies have enabled a critical understanding of the mechanisms through which myth and history are produced, revealing how every narrative is ideologically charged. These theoretical tools have allowed contemporary women writers to construct “other” stories and mythologies capable of overturning traditional models. The rewriting of myths by contemporary women writers has thus led to the creation of a new female mythology rooted in distinct symbols and visions, capable of replacing traditional myths and generating a new cultural imaginary. Feminist rewriting therefore takes on the value of an act of symbolic violence that deconstructs dominant models and inaugurates alternative narratives based on metamorphosis, intercultural dialogue, and the reconstruction of identity. The same logic of critical appropriation finds fertile ground in feminist theatre, which developed from the 1970s onward. Postmodern theatrical rewritings dismantle and reassemble classical texts through collage, anachronism, and formal experimentation, with the aim of exposing the ideological assumptions underlying canonical narratives and representing complex female subjectivities. In the 1980s and 1990s, the influence of gender studies and postmodern theory fostered theatrical representations of fluid and non-linear identities. In particular, the feminist theatre of playwrights such as Sarah Kane, Timberlake Wertenbaker, Liz Lochhead, and many others emerges as a space of linguistic, political, and performative experimentation, where historical narratives and female figures are mythologized in order to generate new interpretative paradigms. In this context, myth-making becomes a strategic tool that makes it possible to transcend the limits of history and to construct alternative cultural models capable of combining memory, transformation, and resistance.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14251/4831