In his article The Globalisation of Markets (1983), Theodore Levitt argues that the homogenization processes generated by the development of transport, tourism and mass media lead to cultural convergence that legitimizes the standardization of marketing and commercial communication activities. However, a significant part of the academic literature questions this position, highlighting the dependence of advertising communication on the socio-cultural context and the consequent need to adapt to local particularities. Consequently, the debate between standardization and localization in marketing communication remains open and without a definitive consensus. In this regard, this final degree project aims to analyze the influence of the cultural component in international advertising communication, as well as to examine the preference between standardization and adaptation strategies in the promotion of business products on a global scale. In order to address the research objectives, an analysis was carried out of television advertising campaigns and digital content disseminated on the Facebook platform by two Italian multinational companies, Barilla and Parmalat, in the Mexican market. The results obtained show that, in the design of campaigns, both the culture of the brand's country of origin and that of the target audience are taken into account. Based on these findings, it is advisable for companies operating in international contexts to adopt communication strategies that are sensitive to cultural specificities and the needs of different consumer segments, while recognizing the economic advantages of advertising standardization.
En su artículo The globalization of markets (1983), Theodore Levitt sostiene que los procesos de homogeneización generados por el desarrollo de los transportes, el turismo y los medios de comunicación de masas conducen a una convergencia cultural que legitima la estandarización de las actividades de marketing y comunicación comercial. Sin embargo, una parte significativa de la literatura académica cuestiona esta postura, al destacar la dependencia de la comunicación publicitaria respecto del contexto sociocultural y la consiguiente necesidad de adaptación a las particularidades locales. En consecuencia, el debate entre estandarización y localización en la comunicación de marketing permanece abierto y carente de un consenso definitivo. En esta dirección, este trabajo de fin de grado se propone analizar la influencia del componente cultural en la comunicación publicitaria internacional, así como examinar la preferencia entre las estrategias de estandarización y adaptación en la promoción de productos empresariales a escala global. Con el fin de abordar los objetivos de la investigación, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis de campañas publicitarias televisivas y de contenidos digitales difundidos en la plataforma Facebook por dos empresas multinacionales italianas, Barilla y Parmalat, en el mercado mexicano. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que, en el diseño de las campañas, se considera tanto la cultura del país de origen de la marca como la del público destinatario. A partir de estos hallazgos, se destaca la conveniencia de que las empresas que operan en contextos internacionales adopten estrategias de comunicación sensibles a las especificidades culturales y a las necesidades de los distintos segmentos de consumidores, aun reconociendo las ventajas económicas derivadas de la estandarización publicitaria.
Comunicación comercial internacional y marketing intercultural: un análisis de los casos Barilla y Parmalat
SCAFFARDI, MATILDE
2024/2025
Abstract
In his article The Globalisation of Markets (1983), Theodore Levitt argues that the homogenization processes generated by the development of transport, tourism and mass media lead to cultural convergence that legitimizes the standardization of marketing and commercial communication activities. However, a significant part of the academic literature questions this position, highlighting the dependence of advertising communication on the socio-cultural context and the consequent need to adapt to local particularities. Consequently, the debate between standardization and localization in marketing communication remains open and without a definitive consensus. In this regard, this final degree project aims to analyze the influence of the cultural component in international advertising communication, as well as to examine the preference between standardization and adaptation strategies in the promotion of business products on a global scale. In order to address the research objectives, an analysis was carried out of television advertising campaigns and digital content disseminated on the Facebook platform by two Italian multinational companies, Barilla and Parmalat, in the Mexican market. The results obtained show that, in the design of campaigns, both the culture of the brand's country of origin and that of the target audience are taken into account. Based on these findings, it is advisable for companies operating in international contexts to adopt communication strategies that are sensitive to cultural specificities and the needs of different consumer segments, while recognizing the economic advantages of advertising standardization.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Trabajo final LACOM pdfA_Matilde Scaffardi.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14251/4837