In recent decades, tattooing has gained increasing visibility in many contemporary societies, establishing itself as an expressive practice linked to identity construction, group belonging, and the attribution of symbolic value to significant personal experiences. This rapid diffusion, also driven by global dynamics, as often redefined tattooing as a shared aesthetic element, detached from the cultural contexts that originally shaped its meanings. The central question of this research is whether, in Tahiti, a practice recognized as central to cultural identity has preserved its original symbolic significance or whether it has instead conformed to the homogenizing logics observed elsewhere. The analysis begins with a comparative overview of tattooing and body-marking practices in the Pacific and of early European perceptions, reconstructed through ship logs, scientific reports, and historical documentation from the precolonial period, highlighting how these observations were mediated by a Eurocentric perspective. From this starting point, the focus shifts to the history of Tahiti, examining how evangelization and colonialism progressively marginalized traditional tattooing practices and affected the construction of the island’s cultural identity. This process of acculturation continued at least until the post–Second World War period, when, alongside ongoing decolonization, processes of cultural reappropriation emerged and new strategies took shape through which different interpreters of identity-related claims sought to reconcile tradition, Christianity, and global modernity. Against this backdrop, the study introduces a synchronic assessment of tattooing in the contemporary context, based on diverse perspectives gathered also through interviews: those of practitioners, scholars, and external observers. The analysis concludes by reflecting on tattooing as a symbolic practice of resistance, capable of preserving and transmitting original values and meanings even in the face of acculturation and homogenization processes. Overall, the thesis aims to demonstrate that ma‘ohi tattooing continues to represent a powerful tool for articulating identity, memory, and belonging, while simultaneously confronting transformations imposed by internal dynamics within Tahitian society, intercultural encounters, and globalization.
Negli ultimi decenni il tatuaggio ha acquisito crescente visibilità in molte società contemporanee, affermandosi come pratica espressiva legata alla costruzione dell’identità, all’appartenenza a gruppi specifici e alla volontà di conferire valore simbolico a esperienze personali significative. Questa rapida diffusione, favorita anche da dinamiche globali, ha spesso ridefinito il tatuaggio come elemento estetico condiviso, separato dai contesti culturali che ne hanno originariamente determinato il significato. La domanda centrale di questa ricerca è se, a Tahiti, una pratica riconosciuta come centrale per l’identità culturale abbia conservato la propria valenza simbolica originaria o se, invece, si sia piegata alle logiche uniformanti osservate altrove. Il percorso di analisi inizia con un quadro comparativo delle pratiche di tatuaggio e marcatura corporea nel Pacifico e delle prime percezioni europee, ricostruite attraverso diari di bordo, relazioni scientifiche e documentazione d’epoca in epoca precoloniale, evidenziando come tali osservazioni fossero mediate da una prospettiva eurocentrica. Da questo punto di partenza, lo sguardo si sposta sulla storia di Tahiti, soffermandosi su come evangelizzazione e colonialismo abbiano progressivamente marginalizzato le pratiche di tatuaggio tradizionali e inciso sulla costruzione dell’identità culturale dell’isola. Un processo di acculturazione proseguito almeno sino al secondo dopoguerra, quando, in coincidenza con la decolonizzazione in corso, emersero processi di riappropriazione culturale e presero forma nuove strategie attraverso cui diversi interpreti delle istanze identitarie cercarono di conciliare tradizione, religione cristiana e modernità globale. Su questo sfondo si innesta una valutazione sincronica del tatuaggio nel contesto contemporaneo, basata su prospettive diverse, raccolte anche tramite interviste: quelle di chi vive direttamente la pratica, di chi la studia e di chi la osserva dall’esterno. L’analisi si conclude riflettendo sul tatuaggio come pratica simbolica di resistenza, capace di mantenere e trasmettere valori e significati originari anche di fronte ai processi di acculturazione e omologazione. Nel complesso, la tesi vuole dimostrare come il tatuaggio ma’ohi continui a essere uno strumento potente per l’articolazione di identità, memoria e appartenenza, pur confrontandosi con le trasformazioni imposte dalle dinamiche interne alla società tahitiana, dai contatti interculturali e dalla globalizzazione.
Il Tatuaggio a Tahiti: una riscoperta identitaria tra lotta anticoloniale e globalizzazione
SCAGLIETTI, ANDREA
2024/2025
Abstract
In recent decades, tattooing has gained increasing visibility in many contemporary societies, establishing itself as an expressive practice linked to identity construction, group belonging, and the attribution of symbolic value to significant personal experiences. This rapid diffusion, also driven by global dynamics, as often redefined tattooing as a shared aesthetic element, detached from the cultural contexts that originally shaped its meanings. The central question of this research is whether, in Tahiti, a practice recognized as central to cultural identity has preserved its original symbolic significance or whether it has instead conformed to the homogenizing logics observed elsewhere. The analysis begins with a comparative overview of tattooing and body-marking practices in the Pacific and of early European perceptions, reconstructed through ship logs, scientific reports, and historical documentation from the precolonial period, highlighting how these observations were mediated by a Eurocentric perspective. From this starting point, the focus shifts to the history of Tahiti, examining how evangelization and colonialism progressively marginalized traditional tattooing practices and affected the construction of the island’s cultural identity. This process of acculturation continued at least until the post–Second World War period, when, alongside ongoing decolonization, processes of cultural reappropriation emerged and new strategies took shape through which different interpreters of identity-related claims sought to reconcile tradition, Christianity, and global modernity. Against this backdrop, the study introduces a synchronic assessment of tattooing in the contemporary context, based on diverse perspectives gathered also through interviews: those of practitioners, scholars, and external observers. The analysis concludes by reflecting on tattooing as a symbolic practice of resistance, capable of preserving and transmitting original values and meanings even in the face of acculturation and homogenization processes. Overall, the thesis aims to demonstrate that ma‘ohi tattooing continues to represent a powerful tool for articulating identity, memory, and belonging, while simultaneously confronting transformations imposed by internal dynamics within Tahitian society, intercultural encounters, and globalization.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi definitiva.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14251/4865