The role of trade tariffs in shaping global fashion markets

This thesis investigates the effects of tariff policies on international trade, with a particular focus on the fashion industry and the central role of the United States in shaping global trade dynamics. The textile sector is one of the most exposed to the consequences of protectionist measures, due to its strong internationalization, dependence on complex cross-border supply chains, and sensitivity to fluctuations in production and distribution costs. Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis, the study explores how trade tariffs influence the strategic decisions of multinational enterprises in the fashion industry. Particular attention is given to trade relations between the United States, the European Union, and Asian manufacturing countries, with a focus on the growing economic and political frictions that shape tariff regimes. The research highlights the specific challenges faced by Italian fashion brands, which are internationally recognized for their quality and design, yet often penalized by rising tariffs and non-tariff barriers when entering foreign markets. These obstacles can reduce price competitiveness, increase administrative burdens, and weaken market access, especially in key export destinations such as the U.S. and Asia. In the long term, such protectionist measures may trigger changes in sourcing strategies, a shift toward nearshoring, and even a reconfiguration of global supply chains. This final work underlines the importance of stable, predictable trade policies and stronger international cooperation to ensure the sustainability of the fashion sector.