This thesis examines the role of competition protection in the functioning of digital markets, with particular attention to the anti-competitive practices carried out by major online platform and the legal instruments adopted to address them. The specific features of the digital economy – such as network effects, lock-in mechanisms, economies of scale and the centrality of data – foster the concentration of market power and call into question the effectiveness of traditional antitrust tools, which are primarily designed for ex post intervention. This elaborate focused on the analysis of the European Commission’s actions against Google, with reference to the Google Shopping, Android and AdSense cases, examining the contested conduct, the decisions adopted and the corrective measures imposed. Building on these cases, the analysis develops a comparison with the United States experience, examining the aapproach of the Federal Trade Commission and the different model of antitrust enforcement, historically influenced by the consumer welfare paradigm. The study further adopts an interdisciplinary approach that combines legal analysis of European and U.S. regulatory and case-law sources with tools drawn from the economics of digital markets. Particulat attention is devoted to the Digital Markets Act, as an expression of an ex ante regulatory model aimed at addressing the structural power of gatekeeper platforms and ensuring fair and contestable digital markets. Through a comparison between the European and U.S. models, the research seek to highlight similarities, differences and critical issues in the two approaches, while assesing the effectiveness of the new regulation of digital markets and the potential emergence of regulatory convergence at the international level.
La presente tesi analizza il ruolo della tutela della concorrenza nel funzionamento dei mercati digitali, con particolare attenzione alle pratiche anticoncorrenziali poste in essere dalle grandi piattaforme online e agli strumenti giuridici adottati per contrastarle. Le specifiche caratteristiche dell’economia digitale – quali effetti di rete, lock-in, economie di scala e centralità dei dati – favoriscono la concentrazione del potere di mercato e mettono in discussione l’efficacia degli strumenti antitrust tradizionali, concepiti per interventi di tipo prevalentemente ex post. Questo elaborato si concentra sull’analisi degli interventi della Commissione europea nei confronti di Google, con riferimento ai casi Google Shopping, Android e AdSense, esaminandone le condotte contestate, le decisioni adottate e le misure correttive imposte. A partire da tali casi, l’indagine sviluppa un confronto con l’esperienza statunitense, analizzando l’approccio della Federal Trade Commision e il diverso modello d’enforcement antitrust, storicamente influenzato dal paradigma del consumer welfare. L’analisi adotta, inoltre, un approccio interdisciplinare che integra lo studio giuridico delle fonti normative e giurisprudenziali europee e statunitensi con strumenti di economia dei mercati digitali. Particolare attenzione è dedicata al Digital Markets Act, quale espressione di un modello regolatorio ex ante volto a disciplinare il potere strutturale delle piattaforme come gatekeeper e a garantire mercati digitali equi e contendibili. Attraverso il confronto tra il modello europeo e quello statunitense, la ricerca in oggetto intende mettere in luce similitudini, differenze e criticità dei due approcci, interrogandosi sull’effettività della nuova regolazione dei mercati digitali e sul possibile emergere di una convergenza regolatoria a livello internazionale.
La tutela della concorrenza nei mercati digitali. Antitrust tradizionale, Digital Markets Act e confronto tra Unione europea e Stati Uniti.
GHIDETTI, SOFIA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis examines the role of competition protection in the functioning of digital markets, with particular attention to the anti-competitive practices carried out by major online platform and the legal instruments adopted to address them. The specific features of the digital economy – such as network effects, lock-in mechanisms, economies of scale and the centrality of data – foster the concentration of market power and call into question the effectiveness of traditional antitrust tools, which are primarily designed for ex post intervention. This elaborate focused on the analysis of the European Commission’s actions against Google, with reference to the Google Shopping, Android and AdSense cases, examining the contested conduct, the decisions adopted and the corrective measures imposed. Building on these cases, the analysis develops a comparison with the United States experience, examining the aapproach of the Federal Trade Commission and the different model of antitrust enforcement, historically influenced by the consumer welfare paradigm. The study further adopts an interdisciplinary approach that combines legal analysis of European and U.S. regulatory and case-law sources with tools drawn from the economics of digital markets. Particulat attention is devoted to the Digital Markets Act, as an expression of an ex ante regulatory model aimed at addressing the structural power of gatekeeper platforms and ensuring fair and contestable digital markets. Through a comparison between the European and U.S. models, the research seek to highlight similarities, differences and critical issues in the two approaches, while assesing the effectiveness of the new regulation of digital markets and the potential emergence of regulatory convergence at the international level.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14251/4985