The energy transition towards low-carbon energy systems represents one of the main environmental and technological challenges of the 21st century. In this context, the diffusion of utility-scale photovoltaic plants plays a strategic role in increasing renewable electricity generation and contributing to the decarbonization of the power sector. However, the construction of ground-mounted photovoltaic systems also involves territorial transformations that require careful assessment of environmental and landscape impacts. This thesis analyzes a case study concerning the design of a ground-mounted photovoltaic plant with a capacity of approximately 4 MWp located in the municipality of Castellarano (RE), Italy. The objective of the work is to develop an integrated approach that relates the energy dimension of the project with its territorial and climatic implications. In particular, the study investigates the sizing of the plant, the configuration of the field layout, and the estimation of the expected energy production, combining these aspects with an analysis of the interactions with the surrounding environment and the mitigation strategies adopted. In parallel, a project carbon footprint assessment is developed in order to quantify the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the construction, operation, and decommissioning phases of the plant and to compare them with the emissions avoided through renewable electricity generation with respect to the national electricity mix. The results show that, although the plant entails initial embodied emissions and a transformation of the territory, it generates a significant net climatic benefit over the medium and long term. The study also highlights how design choices related to the field layout, soil management, and environmental mitigation measures can influence not only the territorial integration of the infrastructure but also its overall contribution to decarbonization. From this perspective, utility-scale photovoltaic plants can be interpreted as complex territorial infrastructures whose sustainability depends on the ability to integrate energy production, environmental protection and spatial planning.
La transizione energetica verso sistemi a basse emissioni di carbonio rappresenta una delle principali sfide ambientali e tecnologiche del XXI secolo. In questo contesto la diffusione di impianti fotovoltaici utility-scale assume un ruolo strategico per incrementare la produzione di energia rinnovabile e contribuire alla decarbonizzazione del sistema elettrico. Tuttavia la realizzazione di impianti fotovoltaici a terra comporta anche trasformazioni territoriali che richiedono un’attenta valutazione degli impatti ambientali e paesaggistici. La presente tesi analizza il caso di studio relativo alla progettazione di un impianto fotovoltaico a terra della potenza di circa 4 MWp localizzato nel comune di Castellarano (RE). L’obiettivo del lavoro è sviluppare un approccio integrato che metta in relazione la dimensione energetica del progetto con quella territoriale e climatica. In particolare lo studio approfondisce il dimensionamento dell’impianto, la configurazione del layout di campo e la stima della producibilità energetica affiancando a tali aspetti un’analisi delle interazioni con il contesto ambientale e delle strategie di mitigazione adottate. Parallelamente viene sviluppata una valutazione della carbon footprint di progetto finalizzata a quantificare le emissioni di gas serra associate alle fasi di costruzione, esercizio e dismissione dell’impianto e a confrontarle con le emissioni evitate grazie alla produzione di energia rinnovabile rispetto allo scenario di riferimento rappresentato dal mix elettrico nazionale. I risultati evidenziano come l’impianto, pur comportando emissioni incorporate iniziali e una trasformazione del territorio, generi nel medio-lungo periodo un beneficio climatico netto significativo. Lo studio dimostra inoltre come le scelte progettuali relative al layout di campo, alla gestione del suolo e alle opere di mitigazione possano influenzare non solo l’inserimento territoriale dell’infrastruttura, ma anche il suo contributo complessivo alla decarbonizzazione. In questa prospettiva gli impianti fotovoltaici utility-scale possono essere interpretati come infrastrutture territoriali complesse la cui sostenibilità dipende dalla capacità di integrare produzione energetica, tutela ambientale e pianificazione territoriale.
Progettazione integrata di un impianto fotovoltaico utility-scale: analisi energetica, ambientale e valutazione dell'impatto sul clima
MORI, MATTEO
2024/2025
Abstract
The energy transition towards low-carbon energy systems represents one of the main environmental and technological challenges of the 21st century. In this context, the diffusion of utility-scale photovoltaic plants plays a strategic role in increasing renewable electricity generation and contributing to the decarbonization of the power sector. However, the construction of ground-mounted photovoltaic systems also involves territorial transformations that require careful assessment of environmental and landscape impacts. This thesis analyzes a case study concerning the design of a ground-mounted photovoltaic plant with a capacity of approximately 4 MWp located in the municipality of Castellarano (RE), Italy. The objective of the work is to develop an integrated approach that relates the energy dimension of the project with its territorial and climatic implications. In particular, the study investigates the sizing of the plant, the configuration of the field layout, and the estimation of the expected energy production, combining these aspects with an analysis of the interactions with the surrounding environment and the mitigation strategies adopted. In parallel, a project carbon footprint assessment is developed in order to quantify the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the construction, operation, and decommissioning phases of the plant and to compare them with the emissions avoided through renewable electricity generation with respect to the national electricity mix. The results show that, although the plant entails initial embodied emissions and a transformation of the territory, it generates a significant net climatic benefit over the medium and long term. The study also highlights how design choices related to the field layout, soil management, and environmental mitigation measures can influence not only the territorial integration of the infrastructure but also its overall contribution to decarbonization. From this perspective, utility-scale photovoltaic plants can be interpreted as complex territorial infrastructures whose sustainability depends on the ability to integrate energy production, environmental protection and spatial planning.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14251/5431