Introduction Transplantation is a life-saving therapy for patients with end-stage organ failure. However, the chronic shortage of available organs and high opposition rates to donation limit access to treatment, leaving many patients on waiting lists. Promoting information and awareness is therefore essential so that citizens can make informed decisions supported by a culture of solidarity and adequate scientific knowledge. In Italy, donation and transplantation activities are regulated and included in the Essential Levels of Care (LEA). The National Health Service ensures the quality and safety of the process in collaboration with the National Transplant Center (CNT) and the Ministry of Health. Although the donation network is highly organized, the system relies entirely on citizen participation: without consent to donation, even the most advanced medical treatments cannot be performed. In this context, the Hospital Procurement Coordination (HPC) of Carpi plays a key role in managing the donation process and educational activities. Consequently, a school-based project was developed with the involvement of A.I.D.O. volunteers to increase young people’s knowledge of the medical, ethical, and social aspects of organ donation and to encourage the expression of donation intentions. Materials and Methods The project consists of an awareness program addressed to fourth- and fifth-year secondary school students in Carpi, developed through collaboration between the HPC, the local A.I.D.O. group, and participating schools. The project design was based on a review of national literature on students’ attitudes toward organ donation, an analysis of the regulatory framework (Law 91/1999 and Law 578/1993); an Assessment of the local context and planning of the educational intervention. Training needs were identified using the Ishikawa diagram, while feasibility was evaluated through a SWOT analysis. The intervention consists of a two-hour educational meeting, including a theoretical session led by physicians and nurses and a testimonial session conducted by A.I.D.O. volunteers. Effectiveness will be evaluated through an anonymous questionnaire administered before and after the meeting, based on the KAP model (Knowledge, Attitude, Practice) and composed of 28 multiple-choice questions assessing changes in knowledge, attitudes, and intentions. The potential sample includes 1,378 students. Expected Results According to the literature, structured educational programs lead to a statistically significant increase in knowledge ($p < 0.001$) and improved attitudes toward organ donation, with variable effects on the actual intention to donate. Specific expected outcomes include: 1. An increase in correct responses in the post-intervention questionnaires; 2. A greater number of students expressing a positive attitude toward donation or willing to formally register their consent through A.I.D.O.; 3. The possibility of replicating and expanding the project model to other regional contexts over time. Discussion The project aligns with national strategies aimed at promoting a culture of organ donation. Students and schools are key actors in spreading a culture of solidarity, while the Hospital Procurement Coordination acts as a promoter of awareness within the local community. Educational interventions in schools represent a long-term preventive strategy that could significantly contribute to reducing opposition to organ donation. Conclusion Increasing the number of donations requires promoting awareness, transparency, and trust in the healthcare system. Educating young people about who can donate, when donation is possible, and why it is important helps reduce opposition and improve public knowledge. This project represents a replicable model that supports the long-term promotion of a culture of organ donation as a universal civic value.
Introduzione Il trapianto rappresenta una terapia salvavita per pazienti con gravi insufficienze d’organo, tuttavia, la carenza di organi e le opposizioni alla donazione limitano l’accesso alle cure, mantenendo elevato il numero di pazienti in lista d’attesa. Diventa quindi fondamentale promuovere informazione e sensibilizzazione, affinché i cittadini possano compiere scelte consapevoli, sostenute da una cultura della solidarietà e da conoscenze adeguate. In Italia, donazione e trapianto sono regolamentati e inclusi nei LEA; il Servizio Sanitario Nazionale garantisce qualità e sicurezza del processo, in collaborazione con il Centro Nazionale Trapianti e il Ministero della Salute, che promuovono campagne informative. La rete donativa, pur essendo strutturata, dipende interamente dalla partecipazione dei cittadini: senza il consenso alla donazione, anche la medicina più avanzata risulta inefficace. In questo contesto, il Coordinamento Ospedaliero Procurement di Carpi svolge un ruolo centrale nella gestione del processo di donazione e trapianto e nell’attività formativa. Da tale presupposto nasce il progetto scuole, realizzato con il coinvolgimento dei volontari A.I.D.O., con l’obiettivo di accrescere nei giovani conoscenze e consapevolezza sugli aspetti sanitari, etici e sociali della donazione, favorendo l’espressione della volontà e rafforzando il legame tra scuola, sanità e associazionismo. Materiali e metodi Il progetto prevede un percorso di sensibilizzazione rivolto agli studenti delle classi quarte e quinte degli istituti superiori di Carpi, in collaborazione tra Coordinamento Ospedaliero Procurement, A.I.D.O. Comunale e scuole aderenti. La progettazione si basa su revisione della letteratura nazionale sugli atteggiamenti degli studenti, analisi del quadro normativo (Legge 91/1999 e Legge 578/1993), studio del contesto territoriale e definizione dell’evento formativo. L’analisi dei bisogni è stata condotta tramite diagramma di Ishikawa, mentre la fattibilità è stata valutata con SWOT Analysis. L’intervento consiste in un incontro di due ore: una parte teorica a cura di medici e infermieri e una testimoniale dei volontari A.I.D.O. L’efficacia sarà misurata tramite questionario anonimo pre e post intervento secondo modello KAP (28 domande), per valutare variazioni in conoscenze, atteggiamenti e intenzioni. Il campione potenziale, in caso di piena adesione, è di 1.378 studenti. Risultati attesi Sulla base della letteratura, programmi educativi strutturati determinano un aumento significativo delle conoscenze (p<0,001) e un miglioramento degli atteggiamenti verso la donazione, con effetti variabili sull’intenzione di donare. Si prevede un incremento delle risposte corrette nei questionari post intervento e un aumento degli studenti favorevoli alla donazione o disponibili a esprimere formalmente il consenso tramite A.I.D.O. Ulteriore risultato atteso è la replicabilità del progetto nel tempo e la sua estensione ad altre scuole e professionisti. Discussione Il progetto si inserisce nelle strategie nazionali di promozione della cultura del dono. Gli studenti e le scuole sono individuati come attori chiave nella diffusione della solidarietà, mentre il Coordinamento Ospedaliero Procurement assume il ruolo di promotore culturale territoriale. L’intervento scolastico rappresenta una strategia di prevenzione a lungo termine, potenzialmente efficace nella riduzione delle opposizioni alla donazione. Conclusione Per aumentare le donazioni è essenziale promuovere consapevolezza, trasparenza e fiducia nel sistema. Educare i giovani su chi, quando e perché donare contribuisce a ridurre le opposizioni e ad accrescere il livello di conoscenza. Il progetto si propone come modello replicabile, ampliabile ad altre realtà territoriali e professionali, per rafforzare stabilmente la cultura della donazione.
Sensibilizzazione sulla donazione di organi e tessuti: un progetto del Coordinamento Ospedaliero Procurement di Carpi nelle scuole in collaborazione con AIDO
CALÌ, ANDREA LUANA
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction Transplantation is a life-saving therapy for patients with end-stage organ failure. However, the chronic shortage of available organs and high opposition rates to donation limit access to treatment, leaving many patients on waiting lists. Promoting information and awareness is therefore essential so that citizens can make informed decisions supported by a culture of solidarity and adequate scientific knowledge. In Italy, donation and transplantation activities are regulated and included in the Essential Levels of Care (LEA). The National Health Service ensures the quality and safety of the process in collaboration with the National Transplant Center (CNT) and the Ministry of Health. Although the donation network is highly organized, the system relies entirely on citizen participation: without consent to donation, even the most advanced medical treatments cannot be performed. In this context, the Hospital Procurement Coordination (HPC) of Carpi plays a key role in managing the donation process and educational activities. Consequently, a school-based project was developed with the involvement of A.I.D.O. volunteers to increase young people’s knowledge of the medical, ethical, and social aspects of organ donation and to encourage the expression of donation intentions. Materials and Methods The project consists of an awareness program addressed to fourth- and fifth-year secondary school students in Carpi, developed through collaboration between the HPC, the local A.I.D.O. group, and participating schools. The project design was based on a review of national literature on students’ attitudes toward organ donation, an analysis of the regulatory framework (Law 91/1999 and Law 578/1993); an Assessment of the local context and planning of the educational intervention. Training needs were identified using the Ishikawa diagram, while feasibility was evaluated through a SWOT analysis. The intervention consists of a two-hour educational meeting, including a theoretical session led by physicians and nurses and a testimonial session conducted by A.I.D.O. volunteers. Effectiveness will be evaluated through an anonymous questionnaire administered before and after the meeting, based on the KAP model (Knowledge, Attitude, Practice) and composed of 28 multiple-choice questions assessing changes in knowledge, attitudes, and intentions. The potential sample includes 1,378 students. Expected Results According to the literature, structured educational programs lead to a statistically significant increase in knowledge ($p < 0.001$) and improved attitudes toward organ donation, with variable effects on the actual intention to donate. Specific expected outcomes include: 1. An increase in correct responses in the post-intervention questionnaires; 2. A greater number of students expressing a positive attitude toward donation or willing to formally register their consent through A.I.D.O.; 3. The possibility of replicating and expanding the project model to other regional contexts over time. Discussion The project aligns with national strategies aimed at promoting a culture of organ donation. Students and schools are key actors in spreading a culture of solidarity, while the Hospital Procurement Coordination acts as a promoter of awareness within the local community. Educational interventions in schools represent a long-term preventive strategy that could significantly contribute to reducing opposition to organ donation. Conclusion Increasing the number of donations requires promoting awareness, transparency, and trust in the healthcare system. Educating young people about who can donate, when donation is possible, and why it is important helps reduce opposition and improve public knowledge. This project represents a replicable model that supports the long-term promotion of a culture of organ donation as a universal civic value.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14251/5967