This thesis aims to analyse the opportunities and challenges related to the integration of Artificial Intelligence into educational contexts for childhood and preadolescence by bringing together pedagogical theories, ethical and legal perspectives, and an experimental research project carried out during a curricular internship at Fondazione Reggio Children–Centro Loris Malaguzzi ETS. The research investigated the critical and informed use of Artificial Intelligence with groups of children aged seven to twelve during the Summer School project “Non è una magia, è tecnologia” (“It isn’t magic, it is technology”). The relationship between theory and practice begins with an in-depth review of the pedagogical literature, including contributions from media education, and is further developed through pedagogical proposals and critical reflections. Research aims, questions, educational activities, and the pedagogical and ethical issues emerging from the experimental experience are discussed in order to develop a meta-reflection on the research process and its educational implications. The thesis seeks to demonstrate how the pedagogical values of the Reggio Emilia Approach, together with other pedagogical perspectives, become increasingly important in the current digital era, where Artificial Intelligence is permeating social, cultural, and educational contexts, making it essential to reflect on its impact on learning processes. At the same time, the study shows how children's critical reflections and investigations of Artificial Intelligence can foster critical thinking and awareness while promoting and strengthening their rights. The research is based on the analysis of transcripts of children's conversations in small groups, together with pedagogical and contextual analysis. It adopts a qualitative methodology grounded in participant observation, pedagogical documentation, and exploratory learning. Research activities were designed through an inquiry-based approach, combining game design and the use of different types of Artificial Intelligence in order to provide an open, evolving, and flexible interpretation of children's learning processes. The thesis also examines the ethical and legal implications related to the use of Artificial Intelligence and the protection of children's online images and personal data. By maintaining children's rights as the guiding principles of knowledge co-construction, dialogue, and critical thinking, the thesis develops a comprehensive pedagogical perspective. This work proposes a pedagogical model centred on children's agency and on the integration of Artificial Intelligence within educational contexts for childhood and adolescence. Within this model, innovation is understood as a relational and reflective process and as a space for the early development of democratic agency, while critically examining both the opportunities and the risks of Artificial Intelligence. The study argues that Artificial Intelligence can become an educational opportunity only when it is embedded within intentionally designed pedagogical contexts that expand children's possibilities for expression and imaginative meaning-making. Such a model is grounded in listening to children, pedagogical documentation, active participation, and the essential scaffolding role of educators, atelieristas, pedagogists, and their collaboration with professionals from different fields. In this perspective, technological innovation is understood as a tool for promoting democratic, inclusive, and reflective learning processes in which children's words, questions, imaginaries, and interpretations become the central foundation for the democratic construction of knowledge.
La presente tesi mira ad analizzare le potenzialità e le criticità dell’integrazione dell’intelligenza artificiale nei contesti educativi dell’infanzia e della preadolescenza, compiendo una sintesi delle teorie pedagogiche, degli elementi etici e giuridici in connessione alla ricerca sperimentale compiuta durante il tirocinio curricolare presso Fondazione Reggio Children-Centro Loris Malaguzzi ETS: indagare l’utilizzo consapevole dell’intelligenza artificiale con gruppi di bambine e bambini dai sette ai dodici anni durante una Summer School, ambito di progetto dal titolo “Non è una magia, è tecnologia”. Il connubio tra teoria e pratica prende avvio da un’approfondita analisi della letteratura pedagogica teorica, con contributi di media education; essa sarà integrata con proposte pedagogiche e di riflessione critica: verranno confrontati obiettivi, domande di ricerca, attività ed elementi teorici ed etici emersi durante la sperimentazione, con il fine di attuare una meta riflessione in merito. Il fine della tesi vuole essere quello di mostrare come l’attuazione dei valori pedagogici del Reggio Emilia Approach e di altre correnti pedagogiche possano mostrarsi come prioritariamente importanti nell’era digitale attuale, in cui l’intelligenza artificiale permea contesti sociali, culturali ed educativi, rendendo importante confrontarsi sul suo impatto nei processi di apprendimento; verrà, inoltre, mostrato come le riflessioni e le indagini critiche delle bambine e dei bambini rispetto all’intelligenza artificiale stessa permettano loro di sviluppare pensiero critico e consapevolezza, garantendone e potenziandone i diritti. Attraverso le trascrizioni dei contesti conversazionali dei piccoli gruppi e l’analisi pedagogica e contestuale, si propone l’analisi del progetto che ha utilizzato una metodologia qualitativa, fondata sull’osservazione partecipante, sulla documentazione pedagogica, attraverso l’esplorazione. Le attività di ricerca sono state progettate con un approccio inquiry-based, in merito al design del gioco e all’utilizzo di differenti tipologie di intelligenza artificiale, per riuscire ad offrire un’interpretazione aperta, in evoluzione e flessibile dei processi di apprendimento delle bambine e dei bambini. Si analizzano inoltre le implicazioni etiche e giuridiche connesse all’utilizzo dell’intelligenza artificiale e alla tutela dell’immagine e dei dati dei minori online. Mantenendo i principi dei diritti dell’infanzia e dell’adolescenza come cardini della co-costruzione di conoscenza, di dialoghi e di pensiero critico, si porta a sintesi una visione e proposta pedagogica globale. Questo contributo propone un modello pedagogico centrato sul protagonismo delle bambine e sui bambini, sull'integrazione dell'intelligenza artificiale nei contesti educativi dell'infanzia e dell’adolescenza, in cui l'innovazione è concepita come un processo relazionale e riflessivo e come uno spazio per lo sviluppo precoce dell'agency democratica, analizzandone possibilità e rischi e in cui si evidenzia come l’intelligenza artificiale possa rappresentare un’opportunità solo se inserita in contesti pedagogicamente progettati, in ambienti che amplino le possibilità espressive e di significazione immaginativa delle bambine e dei bambini, attraverso un modello fondato sulla centralità dell'ascolto dell’infanzia, sulla documentazione, sulla partecipazione attiva e attraverso il ruolo di scaffolding fondamentale di educatori, atelieristi, pedagogisti e della loro sinergia con diversi professionisti di settore. In questo senso la tesi propone l'innovazione tecnologica come uno strumento per promuovere processi di apprendimento democratici, inclusivi e riflessivi, nei quali le parole, le domande, gli immaginari e le interpretazioni delle bambine e dei bambini costituiscono il principale cardine nella costruzione democratica della conoscenza.
Ascoltare le bambine e i bambini per educare nell’era dell’intelligenza artificiale Progettazione e sperimentazione di esperienze educative orientate a promuovere creatività, partecipazione e tutela dei diritti dell’infanzia e dell’adolescenza attraverso un uso consapevole delle tecnologie digitali.
DONINI, ALESSIA
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis aims to analyse the opportunities and challenges related to the integration of Artificial Intelligence into educational contexts for childhood and preadolescence by bringing together pedagogical theories, ethical and legal perspectives, and an experimental research project carried out during a curricular internship at Fondazione Reggio Children–Centro Loris Malaguzzi ETS. The research investigated the critical and informed use of Artificial Intelligence with groups of children aged seven to twelve during the Summer School project “Non è una magia, è tecnologia” (“It isn’t magic, it is technology”). The relationship between theory and practice begins with an in-depth review of the pedagogical literature, including contributions from media education, and is further developed through pedagogical proposals and critical reflections. Research aims, questions, educational activities, and the pedagogical and ethical issues emerging from the experimental experience are discussed in order to develop a meta-reflection on the research process and its educational implications. The thesis seeks to demonstrate how the pedagogical values of the Reggio Emilia Approach, together with other pedagogical perspectives, become increasingly important in the current digital era, where Artificial Intelligence is permeating social, cultural, and educational contexts, making it essential to reflect on its impact on learning processes. At the same time, the study shows how children's critical reflections and investigations of Artificial Intelligence can foster critical thinking and awareness while promoting and strengthening their rights. The research is based on the analysis of transcripts of children's conversations in small groups, together with pedagogical and contextual analysis. It adopts a qualitative methodology grounded in participant observation, pedagogical documentation, and exploratory learning. Research activities were designed through an inquiry-based approach, combining game design and the use of different types of Artificial Intelligence in order to provide an open, evolving, and flexible interpretation of children's learning processes. The thesis also examines the ethical and legal implications related to the use of Artificial Intelligence and the protection of children's online images and personal data. By maintaining children's rights as the guiding principles of knowledge co-construction, dialogue, and critical thinking, the thesis develops a comprehensive pedagogical perspective. This work proposes a pedagogical model centred on children's agency and on the integration of Artificial Intelligence within educational contexts for childhood and adolescence. Within this model, innovation is understood as a relational and reflective process and as a space for the early development of democratic agency, while critically examining both the opportunities and the risks of Artificial Intelligence. The study argues that Artificial Intelligence can become an educational opportunity only when it is embedded within intentionally designed pedagogical contexts that expand children's possibilities for expression and imaginative meaning-making. Such a model is grounded in listening to children, pedagogical documentation, active participation, and the essential scaffolding role of educators, atelieristas, pedagogists, and their collaboration with professionals from different fields. In this perspective, technological innovation is understood as a tool for promoting democratic, inclusive, and reflective learning processes in which children's words, questions, imaginaries, and interpretations become the central foundation for the democratic construction of knowledge.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14251/7962